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| 7012707513 | In What ways did the early history of Islam reflect its Arabian origins? | - Islam drew on an older Arab identification of Allah and Yahweh and Arab self-identified as children of Abraham. - Qur'an denounced prevailing social practices in Mecca by practicing older values of Arab tribal life. - The message also rejected tribal and clan structures by promoting war, feuding, and violence. - Sought to replace with Umma, community of all believers. | 0 | |
| 7012733882 | What did the Qur'an expect from those who followed its teachings? | Submission to Allah and to follow the 5 pillars of Islam: 1.) Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca. 2.) Generous giving to the needy and community. 3.) Fasting during Ramadan. 4.) Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). 5.)Profession of faith of believing in only one god (Allah) and messenger of god is Muhammad. | 1 | |
| 7012754829 | How was Arabia transformed by the rise of Islam? | - Drew widespread adherence among the Arab population. - A new and vigorous state emerged bringing peace to warring tribes. - A distinctive society began to take shape that would serve as a model for Islamic communities everywhere. - Free market place established and mandatory payment to support poor. | 2 | |
| 7012768770 | Why were Arabs able to construct such a huge empire so quickly? | 1.) It was financially beneficial because they widely accepted Christians and Jews as believers and granted second class citizenship as long as they payed a special tax to all non-Muslims. 2.) Based on trade: Merchant leaders wanted better trade routes. 3.) Arabs were motivated by religious dimension (Jihad). 4.) The Byzantine and Persian empires were weak. | 3 | |
| 7012787063 | What accounts for the widespread conversion to Islam? | - Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians could find familiar elements of their own faith in Islam. - Associated with powerful state. - Many attracted to Allah. - Incentives to conversion and claiming Muslim identity. - Merchants found a religion friendly to commerce. - Islam was an aid to social mobility. | 4 | |
| 7012799820 | What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Islam? | *Sunnis:* - Held that they were rightful political and military leaders selected by Islamic community. - Religious authority emerged in larger community. *Shia:* - Held that leadership in Islamic world should derive from line of Ali and his son Husayn (blood relatives of Muhammad). - Religious authority should allow them to reveal true meaning of Qur'an and wishes of Allah alone. | 5 | |
| 7012820153 | In what ways were Sufi muslims critical of mainstream Islam? | The sufism was sharply critical of more scholarly and legalistic practitioners of the Sharia; to Sufis, establishment teachings about the law and correct behavior did little to bring believers into the presence of god. Mainstream compromised by association with worldly and corrupt governments. | 6 | |
| 7012832584 | How did the rise of Islam change the lives of women? | - Banned female infanticide. - Women had a right to own property and rights of inheritance. - Marriage as contract between consenting parties, could sue divorce. - Slaves who had children: children could be free. - When the empire grew larger women lost rights: women have to pray at home, were veiled, and were secluded. - There was an "honor killing" women. - Negative views of women were that they were weak, deficient, and a sexually charge threat. - Shia: women could be teachers. - Islamic education were at home for women. - Women were with husband or father in public. | 7 | |
| 7012861138 | What similarities and differences can you identify in the spread of Islam to India, Anatolia, West Africa, and Spain? | - It spread through force of arms of Islamic armies everywhere except West Africa. - While Islam arrived in West Africa by Muslim traders. - Sufis facilitated conversion by accommodating local traditions (India and Anatolia) but played little role in West Africa until the 18th century. - In India, West Africa , and Spain, Islam became one of several faiths. - In Anatolia, Islam became the dominate faith | 8 | |
| 7012883668 | In what ways was Anatolia changed by its incorporation into the Islamic world? | - Turkish speaking people had greater weight. - Massacres, enslavement, famine, and fights led to sharp drop in population. - Christians suffered discrimination (confiscated churches and monasteries destroyed). - Turkish rulers built new inclusive and culturally accommodating society. - Turkic influence led to a more egalitarian life for women. - Religious transformation towards Islam and laid foundations for the Ottoman Empire. | 9 | |
| 7012899575 | What makes it possible to speak of the Islamic world as a distinct and coherent civilization? | - At the core was a common commitment of Islam - There wasn't a group that was more important in transmission of Islamic beliefs and practices than the Ulama (international elite). - Ulama created a system of education that served to bind together civilization. - Sufi religion established an education system. - The pilgrimage to Mecca drew many Muslims in. - Exchange of goods, technology, food, and ideas. | 10 | |
| 7012918189 | In what ways was the world of Islam a cosmopolitan civilization? | - It valued commerce and fostered vibrant networks of exchange. - Merchants supplied the Silk Road, Sea Roads, and Sand Roads. - Promoted long distance trade (Capitalist). - Exchange of agricultural products, and practices like rice, bananas, sugarcane, and cotton. - Technology also diffused widely. - Ideas spread (Jews, Christian ideas, Persian bureaucratic system, Greek and Roman science, medical practices, and philosophical texts). - Traditions mixed and blended to generate Islamic civilization that contributed to the world of learning. | 11 |
