Terms : Hide Images
| 7280876006 | Hunter-Gatherer | foragers and food collecters. Collected wild foods such as berries, nuts, roots, and grain; by scavenging dead animals; by hunting live animals; and by fishing. Used stone tools during paleothic era | 0 | |
| 7280876007 | Neolithic revolution | made a transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary vilages. Caused by diffusion and migration. Emerged in the fertile crescent with mesopotamian peoples. Caused a patriarchial society and population growth. from about 12000 BCE to 8000 BCE | 1 | |
| 7280876008 | pastoralism | In more arid regions where farming was difficult, dependant on herds of animals, moved frequently and in regular patterns in search of pasturelands, and are often reffered to as nomadic. | 2 | |
| 7280876009 | the state | Organized aroumd particular cities or large territories, headed by kings who employed a variety of ranked officials, excersized a measure of control over society, and defended against external enemies. Replaced/supplemented kinship societies. | 3 | |
| 7280876010 | city state | prominent in Sumer, ruled by a king who claimed to represent the patron diety, and who controlled affairs and surrounding rural territory. Led to conflicts over land and urbanization. | 4 | |
| 7280876011 | empire | larger territorial states under one political unity. | 5 | |
| 7280876012 | domestication | the changing, and taming of nature for the benefit of human kind, created a new kind of mutual dependance | 6 | |
| 7280876013 | specialized labor | originated in civilizations due to a surplus of food | 7 | |
| 7280876014 | social stratification | societal hierarchy defined by status, power, or wealth | 8 | |
| 7280876015 | hierarchy | social inequality caused by occupational specialization, wealth, status, and power. urban civilization magnified these differences. | 9 | |
| 7280876016 | urban planning | use of land for cities, commonly used by the Olmecs | 10 | |
| 7280876017 | monumental architecture | used to commemorate a person or event, some found in Norte Chico, examples would be a pyramid | 11 | |
| 7280876018 | bronze metallurgy | common to Sumerians in mesopotamia, improved military equipment, agricultural knives, and plows | 12 | |
| 7280876019 | iron metallurgy | began in anatolia, around 1500 BCE, used to make tools, arrowheads, jewelry, end of stone age | 13 | |
| 7280876020 | chariots | used by early chinese monarchs, created fearsome military potential that enabled them to temporarily overwhelm ancient civilizations | 14 | |
| 7280876021 | ziggurats | males in mesopotamia helped to construct these temples to Mesopotamian gods, center of the city and constructed of steps and topped with a temple | 15 | |
| 7280876022 | pyramids | monumental architecture in Egypt, elaborate burials to honor pharohs, conveyed immense power of the state and its rulers | 16 | |
| 7280876023 | fortifications | made of stone, used to strengthen against attack, mainly in egypt | 17 | |
| 7280876024 | cuneiform | written language in mesopotamia, used to write hammurabis code, wedge shaped symbols on clay pallets representing objects, abstract ideas, sounds, and syllables. regarded as worlds first written language and evolved independantly. | 18 | |
| 7280876025 | hieroglyphics | sacred carvings, a set of signs that denote words and consonants, for everyday use | 19 | |
| 7280876026 | alphabets | created by Phoenicians as a symplified version of cuneiform which became the basis for greek and latin writing | 20 | |
| 7280876027 | pictographs | in the indus river valley, around 400 symbols representing sounds and words, expressing a dravidan language, still undeciphered | 21 | |
| 7280876028 | quipu | a system of knotted cords in the andes. color, length, type, and location conveyed mostly numerical meanings | 22 | |
| 7280876029 | Hebrew monotheism | The merciful and single diety, Yahweh, influenced Mesopotamian culture as recorded in Holy writings - the Old Testament. | 23 | |
| 7280876030 | Epic of Gilgamesh | Mesopotamia's ancient epic poem, depicted the pessimistic view of the gods and the possibility of eternal life based on living a righteous life. | 24 | |
| 7280876031 | Book of the Dead | a book of magic spells designed to ensure a smooth passage to eternal life compiled in ancient egypt. extended the possibility of eternal life to more than just the pharoh. | 25 | |
| 7280876032 | Hammurabi's Code | Mesopotamian law which enforced social inequality by punishments. Made by the ruler of Babylon who claimed toget his ideas from Marduk, the cheif god of Babylon. | 26 | |
| 7280876033 | archeology | the study of human history based on artifacts and remains | 27 | |
| 7280876034 | patriarchy | society based on male domination, emerged in first civilizations and during the neolithic revolution. | 28 | |
| 7280876035 | Fertile crescent | location of Mesopotamia, allowed agricultural success. agricultural revolution, number of domesticated plants and animals. | 29 | |
| 7280876036 | irrigation | popular in river valley civilations, created a reliable source of water and had environmental repurcussions leading to the fall of such civilizations as mesopotamia | 30 | |
| 7280876037 | push/pull factors | things that affect migration patterns of people, ice ages, scarce food, or growing populations | 31 | |
| 7280876038 | sedentary | established by hunting and gathering people, began the agricultural revolution and led to growing populations, civilization, and patriarchy. | 32 | |
| 7280876039 | nomadic | people who move frequently and in regular patterns to exploit the resources of wild plants and animals on which they depended. | 33 | |
| 7280876040 | polytheism | belief in many gods, popular for many early civilizations. | 34 | |
| 7280876041 | Austronesian languages | spread by the migration of peoples over the pacific ocean using ocean going canoes, the migration was so rapid and widespread that these are the most widespread in the world. | 35 | |
| 7280876042 | Bantu languages | caused by the people moving East and South, taking with them their agricultural, cattle-raising, and, later iron working, as well their languages. generally absorbed, killed, or drove away the indigenous people. | 36 | |
| 7280876043 | cultural diffusion | spread of ideas, religion, language, or social activities from one group to another. | 37 | |
| 7280876044 | oracle bones | early form of written chinese, used to tellthe future in the royal Shang dynasty, inspired contemporary chinese writing | 38 | |
| 7280876045 | indo-european languages | migrations of people and farming practices, originating in turkey and spreading from india to europe, movement of culture as well as the practice of agriculture | 39 |
