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| 7674526826 | Selective permeability | allows some substances to cross it more easily than others |  | 0 |
| 7674526827 | Amphipathic | both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic |  | 1 |
| 7674530780 | Glycolipid | lipid with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates |  | 2 |
| 7674530781 | Glycoprotein | protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates |  | 3 |
| 7674534108 | Transport proteins | function by having hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or atomic ions use as a tunnel through the membrane | 4 | |
| 7674534109 | Aquaporins | passage of water molecules through the plasma membrane of certain cells in greatly facilitated by channel proteins |  | 5 |
| 7674537376 | Channel proteins | function by having a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or atomic ions use as a tunnel through the membrane |  | 6 |
| 7674537377 | Carrier proteins | hold onto their passengers and change shape in a way that shuttles them across the membrane |  | 7 |
| 7674540841 | Diffusion | the movement of particles of any substance so that they tend to spread out into available space |  | 8 |
| 7674540842 | Concentration gradient | the region along, which the density of a substance increases or decreases |  | 9 |
| 7674543677 | Passive transport | diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane |  | 10 |
| 7674543678 | Osmosis | diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane (artificial or cellular) | 11 | |
| 7674546598 | Isotonic | same amount of water molecules going in and out; equilibrium |  | 12 |
| 7674546599 | Hypertonic | more water molecules moving out of the cell then in; shriveled |  | 13 |
| 7674549454 | Hypotonic | more water molecules moving into the cell then out; swell and lyse(burst) |  | 14 |
| 7674549455 | Facilitated diffusion | passage of molecules or ions down their electrochemical gradient across a biological membrane with the assistance of specific transmembrane transport proteins, requiring no energy expenditure; help of a protein, large and polar molecules needs this kind of transport |  | 15 |
| 7674551632 | Active transport | transport proteins act as pumps, moving substances across a membrane against their concentration gradients. Energy for this work is usually supplied by ATP |  | 16 |
| 7674553761 | Endocytosis | cell takes in molecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane |  | 17 |
| 7674553762 | Exocytosis | cellular secretion of biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles containing them with plasma membrane; export of products |  | 18 |
| 7674557997 | Phagocytosis | engulfs particle by wrapping pseudopodia around it and packaging it with in membranous sac (food vacuole) |  | 19 |
| 7674557998 | Pinocytosis | cell continually "gulps" droplets of extracellular fluid into tiny vesicles |  | 20 |
| 7674560405 | Paracrine signaling | local signaling in animal |  | 21 |
| 7674560406 | Synaptic signaling | more specialized type of local signaling; electrical signal moving along a nerve cell triggers the secretion of neurotransmitter molecules carrying a chemical signal |  | 22 |
| 7674563413 | Endocrine signaling | long distance signaling specialized cells release hormone molecules, which travel via circulatory system to other parts of your body |  | 23 |
| 7674563414 | Hormone | act on specific target cells in other parts of the body, changing the target cells functioning |  | 24 |
| 7674567907 | Ligand | a molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, often larger one |  | 25 |
| 7674570483 | G protein | a protein that binds the energy-rich molecule GTP, similar to ATP |  | 26 |
| 7674570484 | Protein kinase | enzyme that transfers phosphate group from ATP to a protein | 27 | |
| 7674573033 | Receptor-mediated endocytosis | the movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances |  | 28 |
| 7674573034 | Phosphorylation | The transferring of phosphoryl group from a donor to the recipient |  | 29 |
| 7674576052 | Second messenger | a small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecule or ion, such as a calcium ion or cyclic AMP, that relays a signal to a cell's interior in response to a signaling molecule bound by a signal receptor protein |  | 30 |
| 7674576053 | Cyclic AMP | ring shaped molecule made from ATP that is a common intracellular signaling molecule in eukaryotic cells, also regulates some bacterial operons |  | 31 |
| 7674578623 | Plasmolysis | a phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall; occurs when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment |  | 32 |
| 7674578624 | Transduction | a step or series of steps that converts the signal to a form that can bring about a specific cellular response, usually requires a sequence of changes in a series of different molecules | 33 | |
| 7674580632 | Integral proteins | a transmembrane protein with hydrophobic regions that extend into and often completely span the hydrophobic interior or the membrane and with hydrophilic regions in contact with the aqueous solution on one or both sides of the membrane (or lining the channel in the case of a channel protein) | 34 | |
| 7674580633 | ion channels | membrane receptor that has a region that can act as a "gate" for ions when the receptor assumes a certain shape |  | 35 |
| 7674582924 | Receptor | a specialized cell or group of nerve endings that responds to sensory stimuli; a molecular structure or site on the surface or interior of a cell that binds with substances such as hormones, antigens, drugs, or neurotransmitters. |  | 36 |
| 7674582925 | Steroids | a type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings with various chemical groups attached |  | 37 |
| 7674585281 | Phosphatase | enzymes that can rapidly remove phosphate groups from proteins by dephosphorylation | 38 | |
| 7674588308 | Osmoregulation | regulation of solute concentrations and water balance by a cell or organism |  | 39 |
