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| 12044565493 | jurisdiction | the authority of the courts to hear certain cases | 0 | |
| 12044565494 | appellate jurisdiction | courts that hear reviews or appeals of decisions from the lower courts have this | 1 | |
| 12044565495 | Federal District Court | 94 courts (every state, including Puerto Rico and DC, have at least 1) 700 judges original jurisdiction, any type of federal civil or criminal cases created by Judiciary Act of 1789 | 2 | |
| 12044565496 | Court of Appeals | 13 courts 200 judges appellate ONLY created in 1891 | 3 | |
| 12044565497 | Supreme Court | only required court by Constitution 1 court 9 judges-set in 1869 mostly appellate jurisdiction; rarely original jurisdiction | 4 | |
| 12044565498 | constitutional courts | the federal courts created by Congress under Article III of Constitution | 5 | |
| 12044565499 | legislative courts | created by Congress include territorial courts, the U.S. Tax Court, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces | 6 | |
| 12044565500 | Appointment of SC Justices | President approved by Senate | 7 | |
| 12044565501 | Qualifications of SC Justices | None | 8 | |
| 12044565502 | term of office for SC Justices | life when they have "good behavior" can retire | 9 | |
| 12044565503 | removal of supremes | impeachment and conviction death resignation | 10 | |
| 12044565510 | accepting cases | thousands are appealed each year; they pick a couple hundred they want to hear | 11 | |
| 12044565511 | why are most cases denied? | justices think lower court's decision was right | 12 | |
| 12044565513 | brief | a detailed statement of the facts of a case supporting their position; written by each side before case | 13 | |
| 12044565514 | amicus curiae | friends of the court; people who come to support or reject arguments of the case | 14 | |
| 12044565516 | majority opinion | explains the court's decision and its reason if chief justice votes w/ majority, chief selects who writes opinion (or writes it himself) | 15 | |
| 12044565517 | Precedents | which are standards or guides to be followed in deciding similar cases in the future (common sense) | 16 | |
| 12044565521 | judicial restraint | court avoids making policy; wants to leave policy up to other two branches | 17 | |
| 12044565522 | Appellate court (most important caseload of the supreme court) | They review all final decisions of district courts (except in rare cases). | 18 | |
| 12044565524 | Original Juridiction | Jurisdiction of a court that hears a case first, usually in a trial. | 19 | |
| 12044565525 | Judicial Review | A process by which the courts interpret the Constitution. When the courts interpret the Constitution, it allows us to understand how our founding fathers set out to run our country. | 20 | |
| 12044565527 | Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court | Cases involving Diplomats from foreign nations, and disputes between states. | 21 | |
| 12044565530 | Civil law | A law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights. |  | 22 |
| 12044565532 | Rule of four | A requirement which states that a case can only be heard by a supreme court if four justices vote to hear the case. | 23 | |
| 12044565533 | Judicial activisim | One who believes that the Constitution is a living document whose strength lies in its flexibility and that judges should make bold policy decisions, even charting new constitutional ground by challenging the policy positions of the Congress and the President | 24 | |
| 12044565538 | How can Congress check the courts? How can the President check the courts? | Both Congress and the President check the courts because the President appoints the judges and Congress approves that appointment. | 25 | |
| 12044565539 | Explain the relationship between the Supreme Court and public opinion. | The supreme court has no concern for public opinion due to the lifetime position of the supreme court judges (aside from petition). | 26 | |
| 12044565542 | What factors does the President look at when appointing a judge? | -Party affiliation -Acceptability to the Senate -Ability of the justice to win elections -Judicial experience | 27 | |
| 12044565545 | Amicus Curiae brief | Legal briefs submitted by a "friend of the court for the purpose of raising additional points of view. | 28 | |
| 12044565547 | Litigate | A person engaged in a lawsuit. | 29 | |
| 12044565548 | plantiff | A person who brings a case against another in a court of law. | 30 | |
| 12044565550 | Stare decisis | The rule of precedent, whereby a rule or law contained in a judicial decision is commonly viewed as binding on judges whenever the same question is presented. |  | 31 |
| 12044565553 | What does the constitution mean by "good behavior" when it comes to Supreme Court justices? | It expects justices to be free from direct political pressures. | 32 | |
| 12044565554 | Concurring opinion | Additional opinion in a court decision written by a member of the majority. | 33 | |
| 12044565555 | Dissenting opinion | Judicial written opinion that contradicts the ruling of the full court. | 34 | |
| 12044565557 | Precedent | A decision made by a higher court. | 35 | |
| 12044565561 | Unanimous Opinion | A written opinion in which all 9 justices agree. | 36 |
