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| 11407250553 | Seigneurial Reaction | The nobility's reassertion of their rights on land as a result of decreasing incomes and increasing costs of living; led to peasant discontent as communal lands were lost and landlords raised lands | 0 | |
| 11407250554 | Enclosure Movement | practice of fencing or enclosing common lands into individual holdings | 1 | |
| 11407250555 | Turnip Townshend | The inventor of the four crop rotation system, learned for Dutch how to cultivate sandy soil with fertilizer | 2 | |
| 11407250556 | Jethro Tull | English inventor advocated the use of horses instead of oxen. Developed the seed drill and selective breeding. | 3 | |
| 11407250557 | Convertible Husbandry | The new process farmers use to maintain the fertilness of their soil instead of fallowing which was not expedient and was wasteful; popularized by Jethro Tull and infamous in Norfolk by the late 18th century; in laymans terms it was called crop rotation | 4 | |
| 11407250558 | James Watt | Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819). | 5 | |
| 11407250559 | Thomas Newcomen | developed a steam engine powered by coal to pump water out of mines | 6 | |
| 11407250560 | Adam Smith | Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism. | 7 | |
| 11407250561 | Wealth of Nations | 18th century book written by Scottish economist Adam Smith in which he spells out the first modern account of free market economies. | 8 | |
| 11407250562 | capital(money for investing) | the money paid to purchase buildings, tools, and machines to create goods and services | 9 | |
| 11407250563 | Boston Associates | The Boston Associates were a group of Boston businessmen who built the first power loom. In 1814 in Waltham, Massachusetts, they opened a factory run by Lowell. Their factory made cloth so cheaply that women began to buy it rather than make it themselves. | 10 | |
| 11407250564 | Improvements in transportation | The transcontinental railroad, steam engine, and national railroad | 11 | |
| 11407250565 | The railroad | -improvements in mining, metallurgy, chemicals - Goods are being able to be transported much faster - Fuel economy -Unemployed people were given more opportunities for jobs - Since its one of the first big corporation made larger profit and gave others ideas of corporations | 12 | |
| 11407250566 | Rhode Island( or Slater) System of labor | Slater's strategy of hiring families and dividing factory work into simple tasks | 13 | |
| 11407250567 | The Waltham or Lowell System of labor | Labor system developed during the Industrial Revolution which utilized women and children as laborers | 14 | |
| 11407250568 | Child labor | Children were viewed as laborers throughout the 19th century. Many children worked on farms, small businesses, mills and factories b/c they don't get paid | 15 | |
| 11407250569 | Textiles | economic activity connected with cloth making; the Industrial Revolution began in Britain with machines that improved cloth-making, making cloth faster and cheaper | 16 | |
| 11407250570 | James Hargreaves | inventor of the spinning jenny | 17 | |
| 11407250571 | Richard Arkwright | Invented the water frame | 18 | |
| 11407250572 | Spinning Jenny | A machine that could spin several threads at once | 19 | |
| 11407250573 | Spinning Mule | In 1779, Samuel Crompton combined the spinning jenny and the water frame to create a machine which produced a thread which was stronger, finer and more consistent | 20 | |
| 11407250574 | Edmund Cartwright | invented the power loom | 21 | |
| 11407250575 | Power loom | a loom operated mechanically, run by water putting the loom side by side wit hthe spinning machines in factories, changed workers job from running it to watching it, Invented in 1787, invented by Edward Cartwright , it speeded up the production of textiles | 22 | |
| 11407250576 | Samuel Slater | He was a British mechanic that moved to America and in 1791 invented the first American machine for spinning cotton. He is known as "the Father of the Factory System" and he started the idea of child labor in America's factories. | 23 | |
| 11407250577 | Moses Brown | A wealthy merchant who partnered with Slater to create the first factory(mill)with a spinning machine in America | 24 | |
| 11407250578 | Francis Cabot Lowell | American industrialist who developed the Lowell system, a mill system that included looms that could both weave thread and spin cloth. He hired young women to live and work in his mill | 25 | |
| 11407250579 | putting-out system | system of merchant-capitalists "putting out" raw materials to cottage workers for processing and payment that was fully developed in England | 26 | |
| 11407250580 | Proto-industrialism | Preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe; workers become full- or part-time producers of textile and metal products, working at home but in a capitalist system in which materials, work orders, and ultimate sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to Industrial Revolution. | 27 | |
| 11407250581 | What economic and social developments caused the Industrial Revolution or allowed it to happen, and what economic and social developments or conditions does the Industrial Revolution refer to? | -Population growth, Bad economy, Need for cheap labor, Napoleon's costly wars, Agricultural revolution -A lot of natural resources, growing population, improved transportation, high immigration, new inventions, investment capital, government assistance -1. Agricultural Revolution 2. Population Explosion 3. Energy Revolution | 28 | |
| 11407250582 | Why did it begin in Britain? | -an agrarian revolution beginning in the 1700s changed agricultural practices. Expansion of farmland, good weather, improve transportation, and new crops such as the potato increased food supply -with increased food supply, population grew -Britain had a plentiful supply of money (capital) to invest in new machines and factories -Britain had plentiful natural resources (iron) -a supply of markets gave britain manufacturers a ready outlet for their goods | 29 | |
| 11407250583 | How did the IR spread from Britain to America? | 1. Began in the textile industry i. Samuel Slater ii. Moses Brown iii. Frances Lowell 2. Shoe-making mechanized too | 30 | |
| 11407250584 | what were the economic and social effects of the IR? | Economically: Business people invested in the manufacture of new inventions. Britain's highly developed banking system also contributed to the country's industrialization. People were encouraged by the availability of bank loans to invest in new machinery and expand their operations. Growing overseas trade, prosperity, and a climate of progress increased the demand for goods. Socially: The middle class grew dramatically as some members became as wealthy as the aristocracy. Child labor laws were passed to protect children from being overworked in factories. Laws were passed to keep women and children from working in underground mines. Also, the workday of women and children in factories was limited to ten hours a day. | 31 | |
| 11407250585 | Be able to outline the development of the textile industry. What were the technological development? How did each of these developments affect the industry's growth? | James hargreaves Spinning Jenny spinning 1764 Richard awkwright Water frame spinning 1769 Samuel crompton Mule spinning 1779 Edmund Cartwright Power loom weaving 1785 | 32 | |
| 11407250586 | What changes and advances in the way man harnessed energy were made during the industrial revolution? How did these affect the IR? | coal and steam replaces wind water, and human/animal labor | 33 | |
| 11407250587 | What were the ways manufacturing had traditionally taken place? How did this change in the time period now as the IR? What effect did this have on labor? | 34 | ||
| 11407250588 | What developments in transportation and communication affected the IR, and how did they affect it? | 35 | ||
| 11407250589 | What factors led t population growth in England? How did this population growth compare with that of other European countries? How did this population growth affect the IR? | 36 | ||
| 11407250590 | To what degree would you say the IR was the result of new inventions and to what extent was it the result of new systems and ways of doing things? Explain | 37 | ||
| 11407250591 | What responsibility would you say the owners of factories had( or should have had) towards the welfare of their workers? Are there examples of times when they had this? When they abandoned it, why did they do so? | 38 |
