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AP Terms # 8- 10 Flashcards

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12326869653rhetorical questionA question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer Ex: How could you!0
12326869654Roman a clefA novel in which real people or events appear with invented names. A text that is fictional but based on actual events1
12326869655Sarcasmthe use of irony to mock or convey contempt2
12326869656SatireOften funny, it is a style of writing that targets human vices and follies, or social institutions and conventions.3
12326869657SimileA comparison using "like" or "as"4
12326869658Straw OpponentThe fallaciously-created distortion of one's true stance.5
12326869659spatial structureArranges information according to how things fit together in physical space.6
12326869660sequential structurea type of content structure that normally deals with an examination of the sequences of utterances in order to make more sense of what is going on7
12326869661StyleA basic and distinctive mode of expression. - unique and particle way the novel is written by the autho8
12326869662Subplota minor plot that relates in some way to the main story9
12326869663Syllogism vs. enthymemeSyllogism: A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. Enthymemes When a premise in a syllogism is missing, the syllogism becomes an enthymeme. Enthymemes can be very effective in argument, but they can also be unethical and lead to invalid conclusions. Authors often use enthymemes to persuade audiences.10
12326869664Symbola thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract ex: dove= peace11
12326869665SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole. Synecdoche (si'-nek-doh-kee) is a specific term employed when you use a part of the thing to mean the whole thing itself. ex: the crown, the wheels12
12326869666SynaesthesiaWhen the senses get mixed up. - a heavy silence fell across the room13
12326869667SyntaxIn linguistics, the study of the rules that govern the ways in which words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences. ex: includes parralalism and anaphora: we will eat cheese. we will play. we will dance.14
12326869668ThemeThe universal truth of a work that applies to the human condition. ex: dont judge people on the base of their appearance (turtle and the rabbit)15
12326869669thesisa statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved16
12326869670antithesis* a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else * A balanced sentence that makes a contrast is called antithesis. ex: my only love sprung from my only hate17
12326869671synthesiscombination or composition.18
12326869672toneAttitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character19
12326869673transition(n.) a change from one state or condition to another20
12326869674understatementA writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is.21
12326869675verisimilitudethe appearance of being true or real22
12326869676voice/speakerThe attitude and style a writer has to convey his/ her thoughts is often referred to as his/ her23
12326869677wit(to wit) that is to say (used to make clearer or more specific something already said or referred to)24
12326869678litotesAn ironical understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative as its contrary. ex: shes no ordinary girl (she is special)25
12326869679zeugmaa figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses (e.g., John and his license expired last week ) or to two others of which it semantically suits only one (e.g., with weeping eyes and hearts ).26
12326869680Personificationthe attribution of human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form27
12326869681Persuasion/ persuasive essaya literary technique that writers use to present their ideas through reasons and logic to influence the audience28
12326869682Point of viewthe perspective from which a story is told29
12326869683PremiseAn assertion or proposition that serves as the basis of a work or theory.30
12326869684Prosewritten or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.31
12326869685Pseudonym(n.) a pen name, name assumed by a writer32
12326869686pragmatic theoryLiterary theory that regards the literature as is deliberately designed to achieve certain effects in the reader. * emphasizes the audience33
12326869687objective theoryEmphasizes the perspective of the reader or audience perceiving the poem 'as a given object'. * poem = object * emphasis on the poem34
12326869688mimetic theoryThe literary theory that literature reflects the universe. Key idea: 'the tendency to look to the nature of the given universe as the clue to the nature of poetry'. Key words: imitation, image, reflection, feigning, counterfeiting, copy, representation.35
12326869689expressive theoryemphasizes the poet the POET and then the reader are carried away with the poem36
12326869690Red herringDistracter that draws attention away from the real issue. When something draws the attention away from the issue being discussed ex: you are a vegetarian because you do not believe in killing animals, but how do you support abortion37
12326869691Rhetoricthe art of using language effectively and persuasively38
12326869692rhetorical modeA strategy, way, or method of presenting a subject through writing or speech. rhetorical mode39
12326869693exposition (rhetorical mode)to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion40
12326869694argumentation (rhetorical mode)to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader41
12326869695description (rhetorical mode)Re-creates, invents, or visually presents a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that which is being described.42
12326869696narration (rhetorical mode)One of the traditional modes of discourse that recounts an event or a series of related events.43

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