Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER
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| 13937212714 | African National Congress | South African political party formed in 1912; strongly opposed to apartheid |  | 0 |
| 13937212715 | apartheid | "separateness"; a series of laws initiated in South Africa |  | 1 |
| 13937212717 | Big Bang theory | theory which suggests that at some moment all matter in the universe was contained in a single point |  | 2 |
| 13937212718 | Vladimir Lenin | the leader of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and premier of the Soviet Union |  | 3 |
| 13937212719 | Central Powers | World War I; composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria |  | 4 |
| 13937212720 | Charles de Gaulle | French general and statesman who led French forces in World War II; served as the president of France from 1959 to 1969 |  | 5 |
| 13937212721 | Che Guevara | lived from 1928 to 1967; Argentine marxist revolutionary who was a major figure in the Cuban Revolution |  | 6 |
| 13937212722 | Chiang Kai-shek | Chinese military officer who fled to Taiwan after the Chinese Communist Party came to power in China |  | 7 |
| 13937212723 | Chinese Revolution | prolonged communist movement in China and lasted from 1946 to 1950; resulted in the communist takeover of mainland China |  | 8 |
| 13937212724 | Cold War | a sustained state of political and military tension between members of NATO and members of the Warsaw Pact |  | 9 |
| 13937212725 | collectivization | also known as collective farming and communal farming; |  | 10 |
| 13937212726 | command economy | the economic system in which decisions are embodied in a plan formulated by a central authority, usually by a public body such as a government agency |  | 11 |
| 13937212727 | containment | the United States policy to prevent the spread of communism abroad during the Cold War; |  | 12 |
| 13937212728 | Cuban missile crisis | a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the Soviet Union and the United States; |  | 13 |
| 13937212729 | cultural imperialism | the practice of promoting or imposing one's culture on another, usually between powerful societies and less-powerful ones |  | 14 |
| 13937212730 | Cultural Revolution | launched by Mao in the late 1960's; aimed to combat the capitalist tendencies he believed had penetrated even the highest ranks of the communist party itself; i |  | 15 |
| 13937212731 | decolonization | the process of the dissolution of colonial territories and the establishment of independent nations |  | 16 |
| 13937212732 | Deng Xiaoping | successor to Mao Zedong; reformist who sought to incorporate The People's Republic of China into the world economy; |  | 17 |
| 13937212733 | environmentalism | ideology which regards the environmental concerns |  | 18 |
| 13937212734 | European Economic Community | originally consisted of Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg |  | 19 |
| 13937212735 | Fascism | political ideology which was intensely nationalistic; |  | 20 |
| 13937212736 | Five Year Plan | a planned economy in which a committee came together to determine rations |  | 21 |
| 13937212737 | fundamentalism | ideology which demands strict adherence to orthodox theological doctrines |  | 22 |
| 13937212738 | Gamel Abdel Nasser | planned the overthrow of the monarchy and sought to nationalize the Suez Canal |  | 23 |
| 13937212739 | UN General Assembly | one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation; |  | 24 |
| 13937212740 | genocide | the systematic destruction of all or part of a racial, ethnic, religious or national group |  | 25 |
| 13937212741 | global warming | term which refers to the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth's climate system; viewed as a result of human emissions of greenhouse gases |  | 26 |
| 13937212742 | globalization of democracy | the spread of democracy throughout the world | 27 | |
| 13937212743 | Great Depression | economic depression as a result of the crash of the American stock market; lasted from 1929 until World War II; |  | 28 |
| 13937212744 | Great Leap Forward | marked Mao's response to distortions of Chinese socialism; promoted smallscale industrialization in rural areas; |  | 29 |
| 13937212745 | Great Purges | period of immense paranoia in the Soviet Union of the late 1930's in which communist members accused each other being corrupted by capitalist ideals; |  | 30 |
| 13937212746 | Green Revolution | a series of research, and development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and the late 1960s, that increased agriculture production worldwide, particularly in the developing world |  | 31 |
| 13937212747 | Adolf Hitler | lived from 1889 to 1945; leader of the Nazi party in Germany; chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945 |  | 32 |
| 13937212748 | Ho Chi Minh | lived from 1890 to 1969; Vietnamese communist revolutionary leader; was prime minister (from 1945 to 1955) and president (from 1945 to 1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam |  | 33 |
| 13937212749 | Holocaust | the mass murder of approximately six million Jews during World War II; a program of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi Germany; led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party |  | 34 |
| 13937212750 | International Monetary Fund | IMF; established in 1944 by the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire; sought to promote market economies, free trade, and high growth rates |  | 35 |
| 13937212751 | Indian National Congress | INC; organization established in 1885; gave expression to the idea of India as a single nation; played a major role in India's independence movement from British colonial rule |  | 36 |
| 13937212752 | Iranian Cultural Revolution | lasted from 1980 to 198; a period following the Iranian Revolution where intellectuals of Iran were purged of Western and non-Islamic influences to bring it in line with Shia Islam; closed universities between 1980 and 1983, banned many books, and purged thousands of students and lecturers from schools |  | 37 |
| 13937212753 | iron curtain | the heavily fortified border between Eastern and Western Europe |  | 38 |
| 13937212754 | Islamic renewal | also referred to as Islamic revival; refers to a renewing of the Islamic religion throughout the Islamic world, that began roughly sometime in 1970s; sought greater religious piety and a growing adoption of Islamic culture |  | 39 |
| 13937212755 | League of Arab States | a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and Southwest Asia; formed in Cairo in 1945 with six members: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan (Jordan), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Syria; currently has 22 members |  | 40 |
| 13937212756 | League of Nations | international peacekeeping organization founded as a result of the First World World; proposed by US president Woodrow Wilson; committed to the principle of "collective security" and intended to avoid the repetition of war |  | 41 |
| 13937212757 | Mahatma Gandhi | lived from 1869 to 1948; leader of the Indian nationalist movement during British control over India; used nonviolent civil disobedience, such as hunger strikes |  | 42 |
| 13937212758 | Mao Zedong | lived from 1893 to 1976; Chinese communist revolutionary and leader of the People's Republic of China from its establishment 1949 to his death in 1976 |  | 43 |
| 13937212760 | Mikhail Gorbachev | born in 1931; last general secretary of the Soviet Union (1985 to 1991); passed reforms such as perestroika and policies such as glasnost which led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union |  | 44 |
| 13937212764 | Benito Mussolini | lived from 1883 to 1945; leader of the Italian National Fascist Party; prime minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943 | | 45 |
| 13937212765 | North American Free Trade Agreement | NAFTA; regional alliance founded in 1993 and consists of Canada, Mexico, and the United States; the world's second largest free-trade zone |  | 46 |
| 13937212766 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization | NATO; a military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed in 1949; alliance in which its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party; consists of 28 member states across North America and Europe |  | 47 |
| 13937212767 | Nazi Germany | a.k.a the Third Reich; lasted from 1933 to 1945; Germany under the leadership of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party |  | 48 |
| 13937212768 | Nelson Mandela | lived from 1918 to 2013; South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician; President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999; served as President of the African National Congress from 1991 to 1997 |  | 49 |
| 13937212769 | New Deal | a series of reforms proposed by United States President Woodrow Wilson; lasted from 1933 to 1942; experimental combination of reforms seeking to restart economic growth and prevent similar failures in the future; reflected the thinking of British economist John Maynard Keynes; argued that government actions and spending programs could moderate recessions and depressions; consisted of immediate programs of public spending (for dams, highways, bridges, and parks) and long-term reforms, such as the Social Security system, minimum wage, and various relief and welfare programs |  | 50 |
| 13937212770 | Nikita Khrushchev | lived from 1894 to 1971; leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964; responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union and backing of the Soviet space program |  | 51 |
| 13937212771 | Osama bin Laden | lived from 1957 to 2011; Islamic militant who was the leader of the terrorist group al-Qaeda; mastermind behind the 9/11 attacks; played a key role in the US-backed effort to aid mujahideen who fought Soviet forces in Afghanistan |  | 52 |
| 13937212772 | al-Qaeda | "the base"; terrorist organization formerly headed by Osama bin Laden; behind the 9/11 attacks |  | 53 |
| 13937212773 | Palestinian Liberation Organization | PLO; an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of creating an independent State of Palestine |  | 54 |
| 13937212774 | Pan-Arabism | an ideology proposing the unification of the countries of North Africa and West Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, referred to as the Arab World |  | 55 |
| 13937212775 | Pan-Africanism | an ideology which encourages the unity of Africans worldwide |  | 56 |
| 13937212778 | influenza epidemic | an epidemic caused by the H1N1 influenza virus; lasted from 1918 to 1920; resulted in 50 to 100 million deaths, ranking it one of the most deadliest natural disasters in human history |  | 57 |
| 13937212779 | perestroika | an economic program launched by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which freed state enterprises from government regulation, |  | 58 |
| 13937212780 | glasnost | a Soviet policy established by Mikhail Gorbachev which permitted cultural and intellectual freedoms |  | 59 |
| 13937212782 | Potsdam Conference | participants include the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States; |  | 60 |
| 13937212784 | 1917 Russian Revolution | a collective term for the series of revolutions in 1917 which ousted Tsar Nicholas II and the tsarist autocracy and replaced it with the communist Bolshiveks | | 61 |
| 13937212787 | space race | lasted from 1955 to 1972; a competition between the Soviet Union and the United States for supremacy in spaceflight capability; |  | 62 |
| 13937212789 | Joseph Stalin | implemented a highly centralized command economy, which resulted in the transformation of Russian society from agrarian to industrialized; |  | 63 |
| 13937212790 | Third World | term which describes the countries that did not align with the Soviet Union or the United States |  | 64 |
| 13937212791 | total war | war which requires the mobilization of each country's entire populations | 65 | |
| 13937212792 | transnational corporations | a.k.a multi-national corporation; an organization that owns or controls production or services facilities in one or more countries other than its home country |  | 66 |
| 13937212796 | United Nations | organization established in 1945 as a successor to the League of Nations; attempts to find solutions to global problems and deal with virtually any matter of concern to humanity |  | 67 |
| 13937212799 | Winston Churchill | lived from 1874 to 1965; British politician; Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1955 |  | 68 |
| 13937212800 | weapon of mass destruction | WMD; a weapon which has the capability to kill large numbers of people and decimate large swaths of land |  | 69 |
| 13937212801 | Woodrow Wilson | lived from 1856 to 1924; 28th President of the United States (1913-1921); leader of the Progressive Movement; famous for his Fourteen Points, which sought to avoid another worldwide conflict |  | 70 |
| 13937212802 | Fourteen Points | a statement given on January 8, 1918 by United States President Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and called for postwar peace in Europe |  | 71 |
| 13937212803 | World Bank | a United Nations international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs; its primary goal is to reduce poverty |  | 72 |
| 13937212804 | World War I | war which lasted from 1914 to 1918; also known as the Great War; pitted the Allies (United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria); resulted in an Allied victory and Treaty of Versailles, which set the stage for another world war |  | 73 |
| 13937212805 | World War II | war which lasted from 1939 to 1945; pitted the Allied Powers (Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States, China and France) against the Axis Powers (Germany, Japan, and Italy); resulted in an Allied victory, the creation of the United Nations, and set the stage for the Cold War |  | 74 |
| 13937212806 | World Trade Organization | WTO; established in 1994 by the 123 members of GATT; took over GATT activities in 1995; developed into a forum for settling international trade disputes |  | 75 |
| 13937212807 | Yalta Conference | conference which lasted from February 4 to February 11, 1945; meeting attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization; convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea |  | 76 |
| 13937212808 | Zionist Movement | the national movement of Jews and Jewish culture that supports the creation of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the Land of Israel |  | 77 |
| 13937212809 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | A 1946 United Nations covenant binding signatory nations to the observance of specified rights. |  | 78 |
| 13937212810 | nongovernmental organizations | Organizations that are not established or associated with any specific organizations. They may be recognized, however, they run on their own. Examples are Green Peace and Amnesty International. |  | 79 |
| 13937212811 | Tiananmen Square | Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. |  | 80 |
| 13937212812 | NATO | An international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security. |  | 81 |
| 13937212813 | Warsaw Pact | An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO |  | 82 |
