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| 8790141445 | British raj | The rule over much of South Asia between 1765 and 1947 by the East India Company and then by a British government. British policies and goals included: 1.) Change in the system of government 2.) Break down of military 3.) Spread Christianity 4.) Allowed one family corporation to control several plantations | 0 | |
| 8790141446 | clipper ship | Large, fast, streamlined sailing vessel, often American built, of the mid-to-late nineteenth century rigged with vast canvas sails hung from tall masts. Increase in size and speed lowered shipping cost and further stimulated maritime trade. | 1 | |
| 8790141447 | contract of indenture | A voluntary agreement binding a person to work for a specified period of years in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most indentured servants were Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians. Bound laborers to work for a specified amount of time, usually 5-7 years in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Paid a small salary and provided with housing, clothing, and medical care. | 2 | |
| 8790141448 | durbar | An elaborate display of political power and wealth in British India in the nineteenth century, ostensibly in imitation of the pageantry of the Mughal Empire. The most elegant durbars were held at Delhi to celebrate the coronation of King Edward VII. Where Viceroy Lord Curzon honored himself with a 101-gun salute and a parade of 34,000 troops in front of 50 princes and 173,000 visitors. | 3 | |
| 8790141449 | Indian Civil Service | The elite professional class of officials who administered the government of British India. Originally composed exclusively of well-educated British men, it gradually added qualified Indians. These men visited their assigned villages in their districts, heard lawsuits and complaints, and passed judgements. Although the recruitments were simple, the ICS had excluded Indians for years until Viceroy Lord Lytton had allowed 57 Indians to join. | 4 | |
| 8790141450 | Indian National Congress | A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, it appealed increasingly to the poor, and it organized mass protests demanding self-government and independence. Promoted unity throughout the country. | 5 | |
| 8790141451 | "legitimate" trade | Exports from Africa in the nineteenth century that did not include the newly outlawed slave trade. The Africans began to revive old exports and develop new ones, thus assisted in the abolition of slavery and led to the exportation of palm oil from West Africa instead. | 6 | |
| 8790141452 | modernization | The process of reforming political, military, economic, social, and cultural traditions in imitation of the early success of Western societies, often with regard for accommodating local traditions in non-Western societies. | 7 | |
| 8790141453 | nawab | A Muslim prince allied to British India; technically, a semi-autonomous deputy of the Mughal emperor. Ruled their own powerful states. | 8 | |
| 8790141454 | recaptives | Africans rescued by Britain's Royal Navy from the illegal slave trade of the nineteenth century and restored to free status. Recaptives were able to settle and take care of their families, and even became educated. | 9 | |
| 8790141455 | sepoy | A soldier in South Asia, especially in the service of the British. To protect their fortified warehouses from attack by other Europeans or by native states, the corporation hired and trained Indian troops AKA Sepoys. In divided India these private armies came to hold the balance of power. | 10 | |
| 8790141456 | Sepoy Rebellion | The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny. Mad at the British because they had used pig and cow fat to make the guns which were against Hindu and Muslim beliefs. Unfortunately, the British had won with the support of the Sikh. | 11 | |
| 8790141457 | Sokoto Caliphate | A large Muslim state founded in 1809 in what is now northern Nigeria. Became the center of Islamic learning and reform. Schools for training boys in Quranic subjects spread rapidly and the great library of Sokoto had attracted many scholars. Those who had resisted the expansion of Muslim rule were killed, enslaved, or forced to convert. Imported more slaves into the Sokoto Caliphate than the Americas. | 12 | |
| 8790141458 | Zulu | A people of modern South Africa whom King Shaka united in 1818. Strict military drill and close combat warfare featuring ox-hide shields and lethal stabbing spears made the Zulu the most powerful and feared fighters in South Africa. The Zulu had conquered lands, taking citizens as prisoners and forcing them to work for them. | 13 | |
| 8790141459 | Muhammad Ali | Began political, social, and economic reforms and employed Western methods and technology for modernization. | 14 |
