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| 13144552496 | Prince Henry the Navigator | (1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire. | 0 | |
| 13144552497 | Astrolabe | An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets | 1 | |
| 13144552498 | Bartolomeu Dias | 1487 Portugal, Sailed to tip of Africa called the Cape of Good Hope, Inspired further expeditions to search for route to Asia | 2 | |
| 13144552499 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) | 3 | |
| 13144552500 | Java | An island in modern Indonesia, and formerly home to the capital of the Dutch East Indies at the city of Batavia (modern Jakarta), founded 1619. | 4 | |
| 13144552501 | Captain James Cook | English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779). | 5 | |
| 13144552502 | joint-stock company | A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors. | 6 | |
| 13144552503 | Seven Years War | (1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English that proved the English to be the more dominant force of what was to be the United States both commercially and in terms of controlled regions. | 7 | |
| 13144552504 | East India Company | An English company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the new British colonies in India and southeastern Asia. | 8 | |
| 13144552505 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 9 | |
| 13144552506 | Martin Luther | 95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion. | 10 | |
| 13144552507 | Johann Gutenberg | German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468) | 11 | |
| 13144552508 | Protestant Reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. | 12 | |
| 13144552509 | Council of Trent | A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers. | 13 | |
| 13144552510 | Society of Jesus | Also called "Jesuits," this Catholic religious society was founded to encourage the renewal of Catholicism through education and preaching; it soon became a leading Catholic missionary order beyond the borders of Europe. | 14 | |
| 13144552511 | Thrity Years War | was a conflict over religion and territory to be the most powerful European family. The Hapsburg's were devoutly Catholic and France randomly turned to the Protestant side in order to take down the Hapsburg's and become the most powerful. | 15 | |
| 13144552512 | Spanish Inquisition | An organization of priests in Spain that looked for and punished anyone suspected of secretly practicing their old religion instead of Roman Catholicism. | 16 | |
| 13144552513 | Glorious Revolution | A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. | 17 | |
| 13144552514 | Absolutism | A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) | 18 | |
| 13144552515 | Louis XIV | (1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles. | 19 | |
| 13144552516 | Peter the Great | (1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. | 20 | |
| 13144552517 | Catherine the Great | Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796) | 21 | |
| 13144552518 | Capitalism | an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. | 22 | |
| 13144552519 | putting-out system | A system developed in the eighteenth century in which tasks were distributed to individuals who completed the work in their own homes; also known as cottage industry. | 23 | |
| 13144552520 | Serfdom | A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation | 24 | |
| 13144552521 | Scientific Revolution | A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs. | 25 | |
| 13144552522 | Nicolaus Copernicus | A Polish astronomer who proved that the Ptolemaic system was inaccurate, he proposed the theory that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the solar system. | 26 | |
| 13144552523 | Isaac Newton | English mathematician and scientist- invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion | 27 | |
| 13144552524 | Encomienda | A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it | 28 | |
| 13144552525 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541). | 29 | |
| 13144552526 | Mestizo | A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry. | 30 | |
| 13144552527 | Peninsulares | Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class. | 31 | |
| 13144552528 | Potosi | Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America. | 32 | |
| 13144552529 | Indentured Servants | Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years | 33 | |
| 13144552530 | Virgin of Guadalupe | An apparition of the Virgin Mary said to have appeared to a Mexican farmer (Juan Diego) in 1531. She exerted a powerful attraction to Mesoamerica's surviving Amerindians and became an icon of Mexican identity | 34 | |
| 13144552531 | Queen Nzinga | Leader who ruled in Angola and spent almost 40 years battling Portuguese slave traders | 35 | |
| 13144552532 | Angola | The Portuguese built a new port in Benguela in 1616 to expand Portugal's access to Angolan slaves | 36 | |
| 13144552533 | Manioc | tropical plant with starchy roots; tuber domesticated in the South American lowlands | 37 | |
| 13144552534 | Atlantic Slave Trade | Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One part of a three-part economical system known as the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade. | 38 | |
| 13144552535 | Triangular Trade | A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa | 39 | |
| 13144552536 | Middle Passage | A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies | 40 | |
| 13144552537 | African Diaspora | The separation of Africans from their homeland through centuries of forced removal to serve as slaves in the Americas and elsewhere. | 41 | |
| 13144552538 | Plantation | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country. | 42 | |
| 13144552539 | Voudou | A religious practice that the African Americans Practiced in Saint Domingue, it was banned because the whites had seen this as a threat. | 43 | |
| 13144552540 | Eunuchs | castrated males, originally in charge of protection of the ruler's concubines. Eventually had major roles in government | 44 | |
| 13144552541 | Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. | 45 | |
| 13144552542 | Qing Dynasty of China | The last imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Ming Dynasty and succeeded by the people's republic. Formed the territorial base for the modern Chinese state. Founded in 1644 by the Manchus and ruled China for more than 260 years, until 1912. Expanded China's borders to include Taiwan, Tibet, Chinese Central Asia, and Mongolia. | 46 | |
| 13144552543 | Neo-Confucianism | The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief. | 47 | |
| 13144552544 | Tokugawa Shogunate | was a semi-feudal government of Japan in which one of the shoguns unified the country under his family's rule. They moved the capital to Edo, which now is called Tokyo. This family ruled from Edo 1868, when it was abolished during the Meiji Restoration. | 48 | |
| 13144552545 | Kabuki | a type of Japanese drama in which music, dance, and mime are used to present stories | 49 | |
| 13144552546 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453-1922. | 50 | |
| 13144552547 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. | 51 | |
| 13144552548 | Safavid Empire | Turkish-ruled Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. | 52 | |
| 13144552549 | Janissaries | Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan | 53 | |
| 13144552550 | Suleyman the Magnificent | Ottoman Sultan (1512-20) expansion in Asia and Europe, helped Ottomans become a naval power, challegned Christian vessles througout the Mediterranian. 16th Century. The "lawgiver" who was so culturally aware yet exacted murder on two of his sons and a grandson in order to prevent civil war. Ottoman. | 54 | |
| 13144552551 | Taj Mahal | A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife. | 55 | |
| 13144552552 | Devshrime | in the Ottoman Empire, the policy of taking boys from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers | 56 | |
| 13144552553 | William Shakespeare | English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616) | 57 | |
| 13144552554 | Indulgences | Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation. | 58 | |
| 13144552555 | Henry VIII | English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval) | 59 | |
| 13144552556 | Printing Press | A mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. Presses using movable type first appeared in Europe in about 1450. | 60 | |
| 13144552557 | Enlightenment | A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions. | 61 | |
| 13144552558 | Mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought | 62 | |
| 13144552559 | Elizabeth I | English Queen and politique who united Protestants and Catholics through compromise | 63 | |
| 13144552560 | Ivan III | The prince that made Moscow the new capital of Russia, and he overthrew the Mongols that were dominating Russia. | 64 | |
| 13144552561 | Buillion | gold or silver in bulk before coining, or valued by weight. | 65 | |
| 13144552562 | Caravel | A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. | 66 | |
| 13144552563 | hegemony | leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others. | 67 | |
| 13144552564 | Divine Right | the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God. | 68 | |
| 13144552565 | Chattel Slavery | Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person. | 69 | |
| 13144552566 | Republica de Indios | Made up of all resettled Indians, supposed to protect Indians from outside influences. Demarcated Indian property | 70 | |
| 13144552567 | Deism | A popular Enlightenment era belief that there is a God, but that God isn't involved in people's lives or in revealing truths to prophets. | 71 | |
| 13144552568 | Mulatto | A person of mixed African and European ancestry | 72 | |
| 13144552569 | Creole | A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. | 73 |
