Ethel Wood
Terms : Hide Images
| 6702259908 | Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud | President of Iran from 2005- 2013. Under him, the government closed down newspaper,s banned and censored books and websites, and no longer tolerated the peaceful demonstrations and protests of the Khatami era. He is conservative and known for his populist views. | 0 | |
| 6702259909 | Assembly of Religious Experts | a 73 man assembly of clerics elected directly by the people, expanded to 86 people in 1989. it is given the right of broad constitutional interpretation. | 1 | |
| 6702259910 | Axis of Evil | President Bush's description of states like Iran, Iraq, and North Korea and their terrorist allies that created a stir of controversy about Iran's international relations with western countries. | 2 | |
| 6702259911 | Basij | a loosely organized military that was under the Supreme leader and the federal government. It was brutal in containing demonstration after the election of 2009. Means "mass mobilization" in Persian. | 3 | |
| 6702259912 | Bonyads | Quasi-private foundations and religious endowments that are charged with aiding the poor by managing state-owed enterprises. | 4 | |
| 6702259913 | Constitution of 1979 | The current ruling constitution of Iran that was established in 1979 to legitimize the revolution. The document and its 40 amendments is a mixture of theocracy and democracy. | 5 | |
| 6702259914 | "Economics is for donkeys" | A statement by Ayatollah Khomeini in which he disdained the importance of economics for policymakers and affirming the superiority of religious, rather than secular leaders. | 6 | |
| 6702259915 | Equality-with-difference | Iran's policy towards women, in which divorce and custody laws now follow Islamic standards that favor males, women must wear scarves and long coats in public, and they can't leave the country without the consent of male relatives, among others. | 7 | |
| 6702259916 | Expediency Council | It was originally a body to referee disputes between the Guardian Council and the Majles. Today, it is 32 members and can originate its own legislation and has more powers than it had originally. | 8 | |
| 6702259917 | Guardian Concil | 12 male clerics, 6 of which are appointed by teh Supreme Leader and the other 6 are nominated by the chief judge and approved by the Majles. It reviews bills passed by the Majles to ensure that they conform to the Shari'a and has the power to decide who can compete in elections. | 9 | |
| 6702259918 | Hidden Imam | the 12th descendant of Ali, who disappeared as a child. Shi'ites believe he will return at the end of time. | 10 | |
| 6702259919 | Imam | a community leader who is not necessarily tied to religion, even though this is often the case. In religious context, the descendants of Ali who were heirs to the throne; continued until the 9th century. | 11 | |
| 6702259920 | Jurists guardianship (velayat-e-faqih) | the principle that makes sure that the democratic bodies always adhere to Islamic beliefs and laws, exercised by the Superem Leader and the Guardian Council. Gives the clergy authority over the entire Shia community. | 12 | |
| 6702259921 | Khamenei, Ali | a cleric of the middle rank who had none of Khomeini's credentials and was appointed for life after his followers changed the constitution. He is the current Supreme Leader. | 13 | |
| 6702259922 | Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah | the leader of the 1979 revolution who defended Islamic fundamentalism and resentment of elites and the U.S. He personified the union of political and religious interest from ancient days. | 14 | |
| 6702259923 | Majles | the central legislative body in Iran by the 1979 constitution and has the power to enact or change laws, interpret legislation, appoint 6 of the 12 members of the Guardian Council, removing Cabinet members, and approve the budget, cabinet appointments, treaties, and loans. | 15 | |
| 6702259924 | Mosaddeq, Muhammed | the leader of the National Front, an opposition to the shah. he advocated nationalizing the British-owned company that monopolized Iran's oil business, and also wanted to take the armed forces from the shah's control. He was elected prime minister in 1951. | 16 | |
| 6702259925 | Pahlavis | authoritarian leaders that ruled from 1925-1979. They turned Iran, economically , into a rentier state. "shah in shah" and tried to secularize the state. | 17 | |
| 6702259926 | Quajars | a Turkish group that took over from 1974-1925. They moved the capital to Tehran and retained Shi'ism as the official state religion. They widened the separation between government and religion. | 18 | |
| 6702259927 | Qanun | a type of law in Iran's judiciary that is made by legislative bodies and has no sacred basis or sacred meaning. It must not contradict Shari'a. | 19 | |
| 6702259928 | Revolution of 1979 | a revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini that transformed the legitimacy of the state, anchoring it once again in the principles of Shi'ism. | 20 | |
| 6702259929 | Revolutionary Guards | an elite military force whose commanders are appointed by the Supreme leader, created by Ayatollah Khomeini. It was created to safeguard the republic from subterfuge within the military. The Supreme Leader is the commander-in-chief. | 21 | |
| 6702259930 | Reza Shah | The shah of Iran from 1941-1979, with a gap between 1951-1953, where he flees and is later re-established as the shah with the help of a western coup d'etat. He had a pro-Western foreign policy, and tried to modernize the economy. | 22 | |
| 6702259931 | Rouhani, Hassan | the current president of Iran | 23 | |
| 6702259932 | Secularization | the belief that religion and government should be separated. Movement of the government toward secular beliefs. | 24 | |
| 6702259933 | Sharia | Islamic law that is an important source of legitimacy that the modern government emphasizes. | 25 | |
| 6702259934 | Shi'ism | the brand of Islam that originated from the belief that leaders of Iran should be descendants of Muhammed/hereditary. | 26 | |
| 6702259935 | Supreme Leader | the position at the top of Iran's government structure. He is seen as the imam of the whole community, and he represents the pinnacle of theocratic principles of the state. | 27 | |
| 6702259936 | Theocracy | a government ruled strictly by religion | 28 | |
| 6702259937 | White Revolution | a revolution by the two Pahlavi shahs that focused on land reform. The purpose was to encourage farmers to become modern entrepreneurs with irrigation canals, damns, and tractors. It also secularized Iran further by extending voting rights to women, restricting polygamy, and allowing women to work outside the home. | 29 |
