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| 13566167167 | Dhimmis | A term meaning "protected peoples"; they included Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians. | 0 | |
| 13566171207 | Poygyny | marriage that unites 1 man with 2 or more women | 1 | |
| 13566172326 | Fuedalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to a king in return for loyalty and military service | 2 | |
| 13566173163 | vassals or serfs | A person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times | 3 | |
| 13566175567 | patriarchy | A form of social organization in which males dominate females | 4 | |
| 13566177037 | kowtow | a former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission | 5 | |
| 13566181582 | foot binding | Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household. | 6 | |
| 13566182828 | caeseropapism | The practice of the emperor choosing the bishops. This was only practiced in Byzantium, where the emperor gave a blessing to the bishops chosen by the patriarch, the leader of the Eastern Orthodox church. It led to a centralization of power for the emperor. | 7 | |
| 13566183651 | caliphates | three divisions of the Muslim Empire at Cairo, Baghdad, and Cordoba | 8 | |
| 13566184497 | Abbasids | A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250. | 9 | |
| 13566185590 | Ummayads | Family that came to power after the death of Ali; moved capital to Damascus. | 10 | |
| 13566187865 | sultan | Military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country | 11 | |
| 13566190235 | Baghdad | Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon | 12 | |
| 13566207655 | damascus | Syrian city that was capital of Umayyad caliphate | 13 | |
| 13566209058 | ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. gold and salt trade. | 14 | |
| 13566209059 | mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. | 15 | |
| 13566210050 | Mansa Musa | Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. | 16 | |
| 13566210861 | sundiata | the founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes | 17 | |
| 13566211812 | Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties | The Post-Classical dynasties for China. They similarly looked to expand outward into areas like Vietnam, Korea, Tibet, and Manchuria | 18 | |
| 13566222176 | Yuan Dynasty | (1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureuacrats. | 19 | |
| 13566222177 | Daimyo | A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai | 20 | |
| 13566241399 | Taika Reforms | Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army. | 21 | |
| 13566241400 | Fujiwara | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power. | 22 | |
| 13566243415 | Bushido Code | code of conduct for samurai during the feudal period in Japan | 23 | |
| 13566245349 | Charles Martel | A Frankish leader who rallied warriors to push Muslims out of France | 24 | |
| 13566246484 | Charlemagne | 800 AD crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy. His palace was at Aachen in central Europe | 25 | |
| 13566247238 | Holy Roman Empire | An empire established in Europe in the 10th century A.D., originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now Germany and Italy | 26 | |
| 13566248833 | Hundred Years War | War between France and Britain, lasted 116 years, mostly a time of peace, but it was punctuated by times of brutal violence (1337 to 1453) | 27 | |
| 13566250620 | Wars of the Roses | (1455-1485) civil war for the English crown between the York (white rose) and Lancaster (red rose) families. established England national identity. | 28 | |
| 13566256489 | Crusades | A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. | 29 | |
| 13566258415 | ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites | 30 | |
| 13566258416 | Sunni vs. Shiite | Two branches of Islam divided by the question of who should lead after the Prophet Mohammed died. | 31 | |
| 13566262683 | Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox Christianity | two branches of byzantine church | 32 | |
| 13566263650 | Great Schism | the official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054 | 33 | |
| 13566263651 | Kaaba | The most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca | 34 | |
| 13566269008 | Quaran | the sacred text of Islam | 35 | |
| 13566269009 | Hadith | The compiled work of the life and teachings of Muhammad. | 36 | |
| 13566274112 | Five Pillars | beliefs that all Muslims needed to carry out: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage | 37 | |
| 13566274113 | Shari'ah | a law code drawn up by Muslim scholars after Muhammad's death; it provided believers with a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives | 38 | |
| 13566277469 | Umah | The Islamic community. The Quran calls for people to look out for the needs of the community as well as the individual. | 39 | |
| 13566278578 | Four Rightly Guided Caliphs | The first four caliphs after Muhammad's death. They included Uthman, Bakr, Umar, and Ali. | 40 | |
| 13566280698 | Abu Bakr | first caliph after death of Muhammad | 41 | |
| 13566281598 | Investiture Controversy | the most significant conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. It began as a dispute in the 11th century between Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Pope Gregory VII concerning who would control appointments of church officials | 42 | |
| 13566283235 | Papacy | The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head. | 43 | |
| 13566284689 | Patriarch | the male head of a family or tribe | 44 | |
| 13566287272 | Proto-industrialization | preliminary shift away from an agricultural economy; workers became full- or part-time producers who worked at home in a capitalist system in which materials, work, orders, and sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to the Industrial revolution | 45 | |
| 13566288132 | Grand Canal | A canal linking northern and southern China | 46 | |
| 13566289357 | Swahili city-states | dominated trade along the east African coast | 47 | |
| 13566289358 | Manors | Large farm estates of the Middle Ages that were owned by nobles who ruled over the peasants living in the land | 48 | |
| 13566290303 | Hanseatic League | An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. | 49 | |
| 13566294439 | Marco Polo | Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China. | 50 | |
| 13566295472 | three-field system | a system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farm land was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop, and left unplanted. | 51 | |
| 13566295473 | black death | The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons. | 52 | |
| 13566327319 | Mongols | Central Asian nomadic peoples; smashed Turko-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph | 53 | |
| 13566328598 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance | 54 | |
| 13566334402 | Camel Saddle | An invention which gives camel riders more stability on the animal and its invention and basic idea traveled along the Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Route. Invented somewhere between 500 and 100 BCE by Bedouin tribes. | 55 | |
| 13566329854 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. | 56 | |
| 13566336018 | Indian Ocean Trade | connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion. | 57 | |
| 13566336019 | monsoon winds | The seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter. (in India and nearby lands) the season during which the southwest monsoon blows, commonly marked by heavy rains; rainy season. any wind that changes directions with the seasons | 58 |
