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| 10644973161 | Carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids | 4 classes of large biological molecules | 0 | |
| 10644973162 | macromolecules | the largest and most complex molecules | 1 | |
| 10644973163 | carbohydrates proteins nucleic acid | 3 marcomolecules/polymers | 2 | |
| 10644973164 | monomers | macromolecules are polymers built from _______ | 3 | |
| 10644973165 | polymer | long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks | 4 | |
| 10644973166 | monomer | repeating units that serve as building blocks | 5 | |
| 10644973167 | dehydration reaction | occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule | 6 | |
| 10644973168 | hydrolysis | reaction that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction, disassembles the monomers by adding water molecules | 7 | |
| 10644973169 | carbohydrates | includes sugar and the polymers of sugar | 8 | |
| 10644973170 | Monosaccharides | the simplest carbohydrates or simple sugars, usually have a 1:2:1 ratio, classified by the location of the carbonyl group (ketone and aldehyde) and the number of carbons in the carbon skeleton | 9 | |
| 10644973171 | glucose | most common monosaccharide, C6H12O6 | 10 | |
| 10644973172 | ketone | carbonyl group (=O) is in the middle | 11 | |
| 10644973173 | aldehyde | carbonyl group (=O) is at the end | 12 | |
| 10644973174 | trioses | 3 carbons | 13 | |
| 10644973175 | pentoses | 5 carbons | 14 | |
| 10644973176 | hexoses | 6 carbons | 15 | |
| 10644973177 | hexoses, ring or chain based on environment | glucose structure | 16 | |
| 10644973178 | pentoses | fructose structure | 17 | |
| 10644973179 | energy and building materials | monosaccharides function | 18 | |
| 10644973180 | Disaccharide | formed when a dehydration reaction joins to monosaccharides | 19 | |
| 10644973181 | glycosidic linkage | covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by dehydration reaction to form a disaccharide | 20 | |
| 10644973182 | polysaccharides | the polymers of sugar | 21 | |
| 10644973183 | energy storage and structural roles | polysaccharides fuctions | 22 | |
| 10644973184 | starch | a energy storage polysaccharide of plants consisting entirely of glucose, 2 forms | 23 | |
| 10644973187 | glycogen | energy storage polysaccharide in animals, found in the liver and muscle cells, highly branched | 24 | |
| 10644973188 | cellulose | polysaccharide that is twisted together like a rope and found in the tough wall of plant cells, humans can not digest it, why plants stand up | 25 | |
| 10644973189 | chitin | structural polysaccharide that is found in the exoskeleton of arthropods, is only polysaccharide that is a ring, support for cell wall of fungi | 26 | |
| 10644973190 | lipids | the one class of large biological molecules that does not include true polymers, they mix poorly if at all with water so they are nonpolar (likes dissolves likes) | 27 | |
| 10644973191 | hydrocarbons | lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of ____________which form nonpolar covalent bonds | 28 | |
| 10644973192 | fats, phospholipids, and steroids | the three most biologically important lipids | 29 | |
| 10644973193 | number 1 energy storage | lipids function | 30 | |
| 10644973194 | glycerol and fatty acids | fats constructed from two types of smaller molecules __________ and _____________ | 31 | |
| 10644973195 | glycerol | made up of a three carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon, 3 carbons attached to 3 hydrogens and 3 OH with the rest H's | 32 | |
| 10644973196 | fatty acid | consists of a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton, zig-zag of carbons attached to hydrogens, has =0 and OH | 33 | |
| 10644973197 | triacylglycerol | made up of one glycerol with 3 fatty acids attached to it by the OH through dehydration reaction by an ester linkage | 34 | |
| 10644973198 | ester linkage | linakage between the fatty acids and glycerol within a triacylglycerol | 35 | |
| 10644973199 | saturated fat | have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bond between the carbons, so flexible and stackable because of single bond so they are soild at room temperature, animal fats | 36 | |
| 10644973200 | unsaturated fats | have one or more double bonds between carbons, stiff so they have a bent shape, liquid at room temperature, oils and plant and fish fats | 37 | |
| 10644973201 | hydrogenation | the process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen | 38 | |
| 10644973202 | trans fats | the fats created by hydrogenation, contribute more to cardiovascular disease because they are harder, more soild, and fold better because they are artifical so they build up more | 39 | |
| 10644973203 | energy storage and cushion vital organs | functions of fats | 40 | |
| 10644973204 | phospholipid | two fatty acids and a phosphate group (PHO4) attached to glycerol | 41 | |
| 10644973205 | hydrophillic hydrophobic | structure of phospholipid results in a bilayer arrangement found in cell memberans were the head is _________ and the tail is ________ | 42 | |
| 10644973206 | steroids | lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings | 43 | |
| 10644973207 | cholesterol | a type of steroid, is a component in animal cell membranes and a precursor from which other steroids are synthesized, percurser for sex hormones, high level of this in the blood may contribute to cardiovascular disease | 44 | |
| 10644973208 | cholesterol |  | 45 | |
| 10644973209 | phospholipid |  | 46 | |
| 10644973210 | chitin |  | 47 |
