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14567853238OSI Layer 1Physical0
14567853239OSI Layer 2Data Link1
14567854912OSI Layer 3Network2
14567855519OSI Layer 4OSI Transport3
14567856373OSI Layer 5Session4
14567856374OSI Layer 6Presentation5
14567857385OSI Layer 7OSI Application6
14567861184TCP/IP Layer 1Network Interface7
14567862079TCP/IP Layer 2Internet8
14567862080TCP/IP Layer 3TCP/IP Transport9
14567863562TCP/IP Layer 4TCP/IP Application10
14571026141Bus TopologyA network model where all computers are connected to a single cable11
14571029997Star TopologyA network model with a central node for all computers to communicate through12
14571033818Ring TopologyA network model where all computers are connected one after another in a complete ring13
14571039516Mesh TopologyA network model where all computers are interconnected to all other computers14
14571042087Partial Mesh TopologyA network model where most computers are interconnected to all other computers, but not all computers are connected to every other computer.15
14571048918Star Bus TopologyA hybrid topology which is the most common network practice used in modern day networking.16
14571064121RG-58A old type of coaxial cable rated at 50 OHM17
14571067603RG-59A type of coaxial cable rated at 75 OHM18
14571069270RG-6The thickest type of coaxial cable which is rated at 75 OHM19
14571071176BroadcastA frame or packet addressed to all machines20
14571073662UnicastA frame or packet addressed to a specific computer.21
14571080056BNC ConnectorA type of coaxial cable connector which is not threaded and uses a twist lock mechanism.22
14571081885F-Type ConnectorA type of coaxial cable connector which is threaded.23
14571102001RJ-45 ConnectorAn eight-position connector that uses all four pairs of wires. It is usually used for network connectivity24
14571110270EIA/TIA 568-A1. Brown 2. Brown /W 3. Orange 4. Blue /W 5. Blue 6. Orange /W 7. Green 8. Green /W25
14571111294EIA/TIA 568-B1. Brown 2. Brown /W 3. Green 4. Blue /W 5. Blue 6. Green /W 7. Orange 8. Orange /W26
14571131473Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)A twisted pair cable with a metal shield around the wires for extra protection.27
14571136100Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)Networking cable with at least four twisted copper pairs. Signal can be more easily effected by environmental considerations.28
14571142540CAT 1Standard telephone line not used for networking29
14571152193CAT 3Networking cable which is almost obsolete as it only runs 10MB/s30
14571155427CAT 5Networking cable designed to run at 100 MB/s for 100 meters31
14571159776CAT 5eNetworking cable which improved upon CAT 5. Runs at 100-1000MB/s for 100 meters32
14571164447CAT 6Network cable which runs at 1 GB/s for 100 meters, or 10 Gb/s for 55 meters33
14571173592CAT 6aNetwork cable which runs at 10GB/s for 100 meters34
14571177207CAT 7Network cable which runs at 10GB/s for 100 meters, and is also shielded.35
14571192333Multimode FiberA type of fiber optic cable which carries LED signals. Typically Orange.36
14571193817Singlemode FiberA type of fiber optic designed to go further distances using lasers. Typically yellow.37
14571198827DuplexCables with two connectors.38
14571201335ST ConnectorOne of the earliest type of fiber connectors. Round connector which twists into place.39
14571202517SC ConnectorSquare connectors used on fiber optic cables.40
14571205314FC ConnectorSimilar to ST but it screws into place instead of just twists.41
14571210318LC ConnectorSmaller connector with 2 connectors put into one.42
14571213129MT-RJ ConnectorHigh density fiber optic cable which appears to almost be one connector even though it is duplex.43
14571220617PC PolishingContact has slightly rounded edges.44
14571225903UPC PolishingContact is significantly rounded45
14571226883APC Polishing7 degree angle on contact46
14571246983Plenum-RatedFire retardant cabling which is typically required for wiring in buildings.47
14571246984PVC (Non-Plenum)No fire rating at all. Usually 2-3x cheaper than Plenum48
14571250453Riser-RatedSecond best fire rating which is designed for cabling through multiple floors.49
14571273680Serial PortsLow speed two way ports, almost obsolete because of slow speeds.50
14571279720RS-232Language used by serial ports to communicate.51
14571289861DB-9 ConnectorA type of connector with nine pins that's commonly used in serial communication that conforms to the RS-232 standard.52
14571293813DB-25 ConnectorA type of connector with 25 pins that's commonly used in serial communication that conforms to the RS-232 standard.53
14571296119Parellel port (IEEE 1284)A connector for a device that sends or receives several bits of data simultaneously by using more than one wire. Used for printers predominantly.54
14571316767IEEE 802.3Ethernet55
14571317918IEEE 802.11Wireless Ethernet standard more commonly known as Wi-Fi.56
14571319394Rollover/Yost CableUses a serial port to communicate with modern routers through the console.57
1457140320710BaseTEthernet LAN designed to run on twisted pair cabling which runs at 10 Mbps. The maximum length for the cabling is 100 meters. It uses baseband signaling. Maximum of 1024 devices attached. CAT 3 or better UTP.58
14571425346PreambleWarns NIC that a frame is upcoming. First part of frame.59
14571428587Destination MAC AddressSecond part of a frame60
14571430829Source MAC AddressThird part of a frame61
14571431291DATA TypeEther Type, Forth part of frame. lets computer know what kind of DATA is being sent.62
14571435989DATAFifth part of the frame.63
14571437444Minimum Data in Frame64 bytes64
14571443238PADpushes bytes up to 64 on frames which are smaller than the minimum.65
14571444911MTU in Frame1522 bytes66
14571450080Jumbo FrameA single frame with up to 9000 bytes67
14571451775MTUMaximum Transmission Unit68
14571455593FCSFrame Check Sequence. Last part of frame69
1457153194610Base5An outdated Ethernet standard that operates at 10 Mbps and uses thick coaxial cable up to 500 meters long. Also called ThickNet.70
14571534528Segmented EthernetA network which is all hooked up to one big cable.71
14571539020CSMA/CDShort for carrier sense multiple access with collision detection. It is the method for multiple hosts to communicate on a Ethernet.72
1457155242510Base2An Ethernet standard that operates at 10 Mbps and uses small coaxial cable up to 185 meters long. Also called ThinNet. Can handle up to 30 devices. Always utilizes a T connector.73
14571632470Crossover CableA twisted pair patch cable in which the termination locations of the transmit and receive wires on one end of the cable are reversed.74
14571640612Straight Through CableA twisted pair patch cable in which the wire terminations in both connectors follow the same scheme.75
145716495648P8CRJ-4576
14571660443HUBmultiport repeater77
14571684467SwitchSends frames to specific addresses.78
14571700263Broadcast DomainSwitches with computers who can hear each others broadcasts79
14571701616Collision DomainHubs network which includes all computers aware of collisions on their network.80
14571747415100BaseTEthernet cabling system designed to run at 100 Mbps on twisted pair cabling. It uses baseband signaling.81
14571761930Half DuplexCommunication between two devices whereby transmission takes place in only one direction at a time.82
14571762842Full DuplexCommunication that happens in two directions at the same time.83
14571764741100BaseT4An Ethernet LAN designed to run on UTP cabling. Runs at 100 Mbps and uses four-pair CAT 3 or better cabling. 100 meters, and 1024 nodes per hub.84
14571770518100BaseTX100 Mb/s 1024 nodes 100 meters Cat 5e Two pairs85
14571776268100BaseFX100 Mb/s 1024 nodes per hub multimode fiber 2 km86
145718147811000BaseCXCopper Coaxial Twinax 25 meters 1 Gb/s87
145718163971000BaseSXFiber Optic Multimode 500 meters 1 Gb/s88
145718225551000BaseLXFiber Optic Single Mode 5km 1 Gb/s89
145718249951000BaseTCAT 6 100 meters 1 Gb/s90
1457182997010GBaseTCAT 6 - 55m CAT 6a - 100m 10Gb/s91
1457183970210GBaseSR/SWMultimode 26 - 400 meters92
1457184072810GBaseLR/LWSingle Mode - 1310nm 10k93
1457184317410GBaseER/EWSingle Mode - 1550nm 40km94
14571850980SonetUsed by 10GBaseSW, 10GBaseEW, and 10GBaseLW95
14571863489GBICGigabit Interface Converter96
14571869718SFP/SFP+Small Form-factor Pluggable97
14571875416QSFPQuad Small Form-Factor Pluggable 40 GB/s ethernet98
14571881297bidiBidirectional sending and receiving fiber optic connections on the same cable.99
14572086482Bridging LoopA physical wiring of a circuitous path between two or more switches, causing frames to loop continuously.100
14572087867Spanning Tree Protocol - STPPrevents a bridging loop by turning off a port101
14572113835Layer 2 AttackAttack that requires a physical connection to the network102
14572114871FloodType of layer 2 attack used to do a DDoS or MitM attacks103
14572114880Flood GuardPrevents floods by turning off the effected port104
14572161823Speed Mismatch-No link light -Speed ports will show up as different speeds105
14572253346MDFMain Distribution Frame106
14572255230IDFIntermediate Distribution Frame107
1459222931566- Punchdown Blockfirst type of patch panel ever invented, predominantly for phone lines.108
14592236009110-Punchdown BlockThe most common connection used on the back of an RJ-45 jack and patch panels.109
14592240820Fiber Distribution Patch PanelThe fiber equivelant of a 110-Punchdown110
14592252443Wiremaptests if cables are in the right order111
14592261148ContinuityTests cables are not even connecting through112
14592270803TDRTime Domain Reflectometer113
14592273691Maximum Horizontal Runs90 meters114
14592277977OTDROptical Time Domain Reflectometer115
14592281919Crosstalkoccurs when the signals of one wire affect the signals on an adjacent wire116
14592300052127.0.0.1loopback address117
14592311103loopback cableused to troubleshoot the NIC using the loopback address118
14592318429VoltmeterA device used to measure voltage, or electrical potential energy difference119
14592318430Voltage MonitorDiagnoses voltage by monitoring it for an extended period of time120
14592340139Modal DistortionA light distortion problem unique to multimode fiber-optic cable.121
14592349354Tone generator and tone probeProjects a sound that enables you to locate cables when they are not labeled.122
14592362246AttenuationLoss of power in a signal as it travels from the sending device to the receiving device123
14592366172JitterThe variability of latency over time across a network. VoIP/Video Streaming124
14592377668No ConnectionsBad ports125
14592382015TX/RX ReverseCrossover instead of straight through or vice versa.126
14592387357Bent PinsReplace the switch127
14592390201Open/ShortReplace the cable128
14592412650Dotted Decimal NotationA method of writing an IPv4 address or subnet mask, where groups of 8 bits (called octets) are separated by periods.129
14592515886ARPAddress Resolution Protocol130
14592516589Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)Part of the TCP/IP protocol for determining the MAC address based on the IP address.131
14592526424arp -aDisplays ARP Cache in the command prompt132
14592531887ianaInternet Assigned Numbers Authority133
14592533926RIRRegional Internet Registry134
14592541217Class A0-126 /8135
14592544215Class B128-191 /16136
14592545840Class C192-223 /24137
14592588393Network IDThe portion of an IP address common to all nodes on the same network or subnet.138
14592591011Host IDThe portion of an IP address that defines a specific machine in a subnet.139
14592644340CIDRClassless Inter-Domain Routing140
14592744672/24254141
14592744673/25126142
14592745897/2730143
14592745898/2814144
14592745899/296145
14592746669/302146
14592746670/310147
14669894495127.x.x.xIPv4 Loopback address148
14669895589::1IPv6 Loopback Address149
14669898499192.168.x.xClass C Private IP address150
14669901151169.254.x.xAPIPA address151
1466990299610.x.x.xClass A Private IP address152
14669912053172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255Class B private address range153
14670070778peer-to-peer networkA type of network that connects two client computers directly together.154
14670089931client/server networkA network that uses centrally administered computers, known as servers, to enable resource sharing for and to facilitate communication between the other computers on the network.155
14684950549SegmentsData at the Transport Layer156
14684951618PacketsData at the Network Layer157
14684953135FramesData at the Data Link Layer158
14684978937Logical Link ControlLLC - provides the operating system link to the device driver159
14684982267Media Access Control SublayerMAC Sublayer - translates generic network requests into device-specific terms160
14685003676SSHPort 22161
14685003677DNSPort 53162
14685004630SMTPPort 25163
14685004631SFTPPort 22164
14685005571FTPPort 20, 21165
14685006472TFTPPort 69166
14685007477TELNETPort 23167
14685008058DHCPPort 67, 68168
14685008912HTTPPort 80169
14685009963HTTPSPort 443170
14685009964SNMPPort 161171
14685010947RDPPort 3389172
14685011914NTPPort 123173
14685012665SIPPort 5060, 5061174
14685013395SMBPort 445175
14685013396POPPort 110176
14685014199IMAPPort 143177
14685014200LDAPPort 389178
14685014741LDAPSPort 636179
14685015559H.323Port 1720180
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