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| 13482421122 | Cognition | Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating |  | 0 |
| 13482421123 | Concept | A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people (similar to perceptual set) |  | 1 |
| 13482421124 | Prototype | A mental image or best example of a category |  | 2 |
| 13482421125 | Algorithm | A step-by-step procedure that leads to a definite solution. |  | 3 |
| 13482421126 | Heuristic | A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. |  | 4 |
| 13482421127 | Availability Heuristic | Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common |  | 5 |
| 13482421128 | Representativeness Heuristic | Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information. |  | 6 |
| 13482421129 | Insight | A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem |  | 7 |
| 13482421130 | Confirmation Bias | A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence |  | 8 |
| 13482421131 | Mental Set | A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past |  | 9 |
| 13482421132 | Functional Fixedness | The inability to see a new use for an object |  | 10 |
| 13482421133 | Intuition | Immediate and automatic feeling and thought |  | 11 |
| 13482421134 | Trial and Error | Most fundamental method of problem solving |  | 12 |
| 13482421135 | Overconfidence | Tendency to overestimate our judgement |  | 13 |
| 13482421136 | Belief Perserverance | Clinging to your initial belief in something despite no evidence proving it |  | 14 |
| 13482421137 | Framing | The way we present an issue, can impact judgement |  | 15 |
| 13482421138 | Language | Spoken, written, signed words that we communicate into meaning |  | 16 |
| 13482421139 | Phonemes | Smallest distinctive sound unit |  | 17 |
| 13482421140 | Morphemes | Smallest unit of sound that holds meaning |  | 18 |
| 13482421141 | Grammar | System of rules that enables us to communicate |  | 19 |
| 13482421142 | Semantics | Rules for deriving meaning from words | 20 | |
| 13482421143 | Syntax | Rules to combine words |  | 21 |
| 13482421144 | Receptive Language | In infants, the ability to understand what is said to them and about them |  | 22 |
| 13482421145 | Productive Language | The ability to produce words |  | 23 |
| 13482421146 | Babbling Stage | About 4 months, speech development unrelated to household language |  | 24 |
| 13482421147 | One Word Stage (Holophrastic) | Around 1-2 years old, communicating in single worded phrases "ma" "uh" |  | 25 |
| 13482421148 | Two Word Stage | Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statement, overgeneralizes wants and needs |  | 26 |
| 13482421149 | Telegraphic Stage | Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram (go car) using mostly nouns and verbs, omitting auxiliary words |  | 27 |
| 13482421150 | Critical Period Theory (Language Development) | The window on language development closes gradually in early childhood |  | 28 |
| 13482421151 | "Genie" | A girl who was locked up for 14 years and when she was found, she had missed the critical period where she could have learned language so she could not speak and was extremely socially delayed |  | 29 |
| 13482421152 | Aphasia | Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding). |  | 30 |
| 13482421153 | Brocas Area | Controls language expression-area of the frontal lobe in left hemisphere that directs muscle movements involved in speech |  | 31 |
| 13482421154 | Wernickes Area | Language comprehension, left temporal lobe |  | 32 |
| 13482421155 | Noam Chomsky | Language development; disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition, stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language, humans have an inborn native ability to develop language |  | 33 |
| 13482421156 | Nativist Theory | You have the ability to pick up language which is inborn, but it has to be natured |  | 34 |
| 13482421157 | Belief Bias | The tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid |  | 35 |
| 13482421158 | Convergent | Ideas come together | 36 | |
| 13482421159 | Divergent | Ideas come apart | 37 | |
| 13482421160 | Linguistic Determinism | Whorfs hypothesis that language determines the way we think, we cannot think things if we cannot say them |  | 38 |
| 13482421161 | Bilingual Advantage | The advantage of bilingual individuals to inhibit one language while using the other and inhibit attention to irrelevant information |  | 39 |
| 13482421162 | Nondeclarative Memory | Mental picture of how you do something, implicit memory |  | 40 |
| 13482421163 | Mental Practice | Mentally rehearsing future behaviours, activates the same part of your brain as if you were really doing the action |  | 41 |
| 13482421164 | Artificial intelligence - Practical | Robots that can sense their environment. | 42 | |
| 13482421165 | Artificial intelligence - Theoretical | Computers that mimic human thinking. | 43 | |
| 13482421166 | Artificial intelligence - Computer Neural Networks | Mimic the brain's interconnected neural networks. | 44 | |
| 13482421167 | Gadner | Taught Washoe the chimp 132 signs by age 4 and 181 by age 32. Speech evolved from gestures. | 45 |
