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| 15251320449 | DNA | A set of instructions made of 4 different molecules (ATCG) that code for the production of proteins | 0 | |
| 15251320450 | Gene | A specific section of DNA that codes for a specific protein | 1 | |
| 15251320451 | Protein | The basic building block of an organism | 2 | |
| 15251320452 | Genotype | The specific code, or allele, of a gene | 3 | |
| 15251320453 | Phenotype | The physical manifestation of a gene | 4 | |
| 15251320454 | Allele | A revision or specific type of gene | 5 | |
| 15251320455 | Amino acids | simple organic compound that builds proteins. | 6 | |
| 15251320456 | Gametes | Sex cells; e.g. Egg, Sperm, Pollen | 7 | |
| 15251320457 | Chromosome | A large set of DNA | 8 | |
| 15251320458 | Homologous structures, sequences | Similar DNA structure across organisms and populations | 9 | |
| 15251320459 | Morphology | the physical form of an organism | 10 | |
| 15251320460 | Vestigial organs | Organs leftover from previous stages of evolution, e.g. the tailbone | 11 | |
| 15251320461 | Lamarck and Acquired traits | Lamarck believed that an organism could change during its lifetime and pass those changes onto its offspring | 12 | |
| 15251320462 | Contributions of Lyell and Malthus to Darwin's theory | Malthus wrote on the idea of Carrying Capacity and competition for resources, Lyell wrote on the gradual geological processes that shaped the earth. | 13 | |
| 15251320463 | Darwin/voyage of The Beagle | Darwin's expedition where he landed on the Galapagos islands and studied the finches there. | 14 | |
| 15251320464 | Natural selection: directional, stabilizing, disruptive | The method of evolution. Directional favors one allele or phenotype over the other, stabilizing reinforces the current standing levels, disruptive favors more extreme or uncommon phenotypes over the others. | 15 | |
| 15251320465 | Fitness | the ability for an organism to thrive in its current habitat. | 16 | |
| 15251320466 | Survival of Fittest | The concept that an organism that has the best genes will thrive in an environment, beating out the others for resources, and thus passing those genes onto their wildlife. One of the methods of evolution. | 17 | |
| 15251320467 | Artificial selection | The breeding of animals with human interference, e.g. chickens that produce more eggs are more beneficial to farmers. | 18 | |
| 15251320468 | Sexual selection | The 'attractiveness' of the organism will yield it more offspring, passing on the attractive genes, e.g. fish spots. | 19 | |
| 15251320469 | Adaptation | The gradual modification of the gene pool to fit the habitat the population is in. | 20 | |
| 15251320470 | Population | a set of organisms that can interbreed | 21 | |
| 15251320471 | Gene pool | The complete set of genetic material available to an organism. | 22 | |
| 15251320472 | Microevolution and macroevolution | Macroevolution is at a scale above speciation, microevolution is speciation. | 23 | |
| 15251320473 | Variation | maintenance in gene pool (diploidy, heterozygote advantage, frequency-dependent selection): The mechanics of evolution; there must be genetic variation for an organism to be more fit than the other. | 24 | |
| 15251320474 | Polymorphism, phenotypic polymorphism | the presence of various phenotypes within a population. | 25 | |
| 15251320475 | Hardy-Weinberg: application to test evolution, assumption, use of model | a set of equations that models the processes of evolution. Hypothetical population that does not evolve. | 26 | |
| 15251320476 | Hardy-Weinberg Homo Dom | p^2 | 27 | |
| 15251320477 | Hardy-Weinberg Homo Recessive | q^2 | 28 | |
| 15251320478 | Hardy-Weinberg Hetero | 2pq | 29 | |
| 15251320479 | Mutation | a change in the genetic material of an organism at reproduction | 30 | |
| 15251320480 | Gene flow | A change in the gene pool from migration. | 31 | |
| 15251320481 | Genetic drift | a change in the gene pool based on chance, not fitness. | 32 | |
| 15251320482 | Bottleneck | an event that cuts down the population, and thus may cause some genotypes to go extinct. | 33 | |
| 15251320483 | Founder's effect | the changing of the gene pool when a section of a population breaks off and starts a new population. | 34 | |
| 15251320484 | Biological species | a collection of organisms that can interbreed | 35 | |
| 15251320485 | Speciation | the creation of new species that can no longer interbreed | 36 | |
| 15251320486 | Allopatric speciation | speciation from geographical separation | 37 | |
| 15251320487 | Sympatric speciation | speciation from other factors, e.g. Mechanical Differences, Biochemical barriers preventing fertilization, different time of day or year, or different habitats. | 38 | |
| 15251320488 | Pre-reproductive (zygotic) and post-reproductive isolating mechanisms | Pre: Geographical, Ecological, Temporal, Mechanical, Behavioral, Gametic. Post: Prevents hybrid offspring from being fertile. | 39 | |
| 15251320489 | Adaptive radiation | the evolution of organisms to fill different niches of ecosystems. | 40 | |
| 15251320490 | Gradualism: Darwin, Lyell | The idea that evolution would happen gradually and constantly. | 41 | |
| 15251320491 | Punctuated equilibrium: Gould | the idea that evolution would occur in chunks. Periods of stasis, followed by fast or gradual evolution. | 42 | |
| 15251320492 | Cladistics, clade, cladogram | a visual representation of populations and species with common ancestors and characteristics. Shared, derived traits. | 43 | |
| 15251320493 | Phylogenetic trees: homologous structures vs. analogous structures of convergent evolution | homology is where different species have similar traits, e.g. a bat's wing looks like a human arm on the anatomic level. Analogous structures are evolved in separate methods, e.g. a bat wing vs. an insect wing. | 44 | |
| 15251320494 | Monophyletic | the principle of parsimony leads to monophyletic clades. Cladograms would show that all of the related species would be on one branch, and would not stretch across multiple branches. | 45 |
