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| 13943348368 | Humans and the Environment | - industrialization increased human impact on environment - increased levels of pollution - need for natural resources strained the environment - industrialization permitted major earth-shaping engineering projects (Suez Canal, Panama Canal) - industrial era transportation contributed to global migration and distribution of disease (emigrants, tuberculosis, cholera) | 0 | |
| 13943368457 | Culture | - "The Enlightenment" prompted rational inquiry - questioning led to massive political changes - public education became normal - new trends of art and literature emerged - affordable innovations involved machine power, fossil-fuel, energy, electricity -globally adopted western culture - Nationalism and racial superiority | 1 | |
| 13943390695 | State Building, Expansion and Conflict | - revolution and reform towards democratization - U.S. broke away from England and became super power - Spanish and Portuguese freed - technological, economic and military rise altering balance of global power - modern political and economic ideologies of conservatism, liberalism, nationalism and socialism emerge | 2 | |
| 13943412427 | Economic Systems | - industrialization displaced agriculture as most crucial in economy - include steel, electricity, chemical industry, petroleum - capitalism became dominant mode of economic organization - reactions: trade-union activism, Utopian socialism, Marxism - commerce and banking grew in importance | 3 | |
| 13943424222 | Social Structures | - revolutions/rebellions increased - aristocracies faded - Bourgeoisie expanded and Proletariat was born - coerced/semi-coerced labor continued - women remain secondary - increased awareness of gender inequality - lower class women in the workplace - Europe, Canada, and U.S. fought for suffrage | 4 |
