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| 14818064420 | conservation | protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment | 0 | |
| 14818070932 | environment | the circumstances or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms Complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community | 1 | |
| 14818215899 | 4 distinct stages of sustainable movements | 1. Pragmatic Resource Conservation 2. Moral and Aesthetic Nature Preservation 3. Concern about Health and Ecological Damage 4. Global Environmental Citizenship | 2 | |
| 14818237138 | utilitarian conservation | the need to protect resources for their usefulness so we can use them later (Teddy Roosevelt) | 3 | |
| 14818246447 | biocentric preservation | aesthetic and spiritual values emphasize the right of organisms to exist (john Muir) | 4 | |
| 14818188228 | clean water | may be the most critical resource in the 21st century | 5 | |
| 14818081198 | environmental science | the systematic study of our environment and our proper place in it. is interdisciplinary | 6 | |
| 14818590952 | environmentalism | Concerns for the rise of pollution and diminishing resources | 7 | |
| 14818145793 | activities that produce greenhouse gases | burning fossil fuels, making cement, cultivating rice, clearing forests | 8 | |
| 14818261837 | rachel carson | awakened the public to the environmental threat posed by pesticides in her book Silent Spring (1962) | 9 | |
| 14818064421 | preservation | maintenance of a resource in its present condition, with as little human impact as possible | 10 | |
| 14818064422 | ecosystem services | The process by which natural environments provide life-supporting resources ex: plants (through photosynthesis) provide oxygen for free, decomposers break down waste for free | 11 | |
| 14818329901 | sustainable development | Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs | 12 | |
| 14818364493 | environmental ethics | deals with our moral obligations to the world around us | 13 | |
| 14818372275 | moral extensionism | extending moral values to others | 14 | |
| 14818489301 | throughput | the amount of material or resources that flow through a system | 15 | |
| 14818381691 | inherent value | intrinsic right to exist or innate worth | 16 | |
| 14818388994 | instrumental value | items have worth only because they are of use to or valued by another person | 17 | |
| 14818064423 | photosynthesis | Occurs in organelles called chloroplasts within plant cells Water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll (the green pigment in chloroplasts) yield glucose (sugar) and oxygen conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy; primary productivity | 18 | |
| 14818411195 | stewardship | taking care of the resources we are given, religious affiliation | 19 | |
| 14818447317 | environmental justice | combines civil rights with environmental protection to demand a safe and healthy environment for everyone | 20 | |
| 14818458829 | environmental racism | an inequitable distribution of environmental hazards based on race | 21 | |
| 14818467853 | toxic colonialism | the practice of targeting poor communities or communities of color in developing nations as waste disposal areas | 22 | |
| 14818642393 | matter | everything that has mass and takes up space | 23 | |
| 14818616505 | ecology | the scientific study of the relationship between organisms and their environment | 24 | |
| 14818662081 | compound | substance composed of different kinds of atoms | 25 | |
| 14818666299 | molecule | two or more atoms joined together by a bond | 26 | |
| 14818674097 | chemical bond | forces (chemical energy) holding atoms together in molecules | 27 | |
| 14818687268 | oxidation | When an atom gives up one or more electrons | 28 | |
| 14818690434 | reduction | When an atom gains electrons | 29 | |
| 14818713780 | forming bonds: | releases energy | 30 | |
| 14818716961 | breaking bonds: | requires energy | 31 | |
| 14818725410 | acids | substances that release hydrogen ions in water | 32 | |
| 14818725411 | bases | substances that readily bond with hydrogen ions | 33 | |
| 14818739353 | organic molecules | Material making up biomolecules, which in turn make up living things. All organic compounds contain carbon. | 34 | |
| 14818742964 | types of organic molecules | Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acids | 35 | |
| 14818753356 | cells | minute compartments in a living organism which carry out processes of life Surrounded by lipid membrane controlling flow of materials in and out of cell Interior may be sub-divided into organelles and sub-cellular particles. | 36 | |
| 14818760225 | enzymes | Molecular catalysts regulating chemical reactions. are usually proteins | 37 | |
| 14818769778 | metabolism | multitude of enzymatic reactions performed by an organism | 38 | |
| 14818777396 | chemical energy | stored in food or fossil fuels | 39 | |
| 14818792188 | First law of thermodynamics | Energy is neither created nor destroyed (it is conserved) | 40 | |
| 14818795371 | second law of thermodynamics | With each successive energy transfer, less usable energy is available to perform work. Entropy (disorder) increases | 41 | |
| 14818811630 | chemosynthesis | process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates used by archaea | 42 | |
| 14818828316 | 2 reasons why solar energy is needed: | warmth & photosynthesis | 43 | |
| 14818064424 | photosynthesis equation | 6CO2 + 6H2O ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2 | 44 | |
| 14818064425 | primary productivity | rate at which solar energy is converted into organic compounds via photosynthesis over a unit of time | 45 | |
| 14818064426 | gross primary productivity | total rate of photosynthesis in a given area | 46 | |
| 14818064427 | net primary productivity | rate of energy storage by photosynthesizers in a given area after subtracting energy lost to respiration | 47 | |
| 14818064428 | cellular respiration | splits carbon and hydrogen atoms from sugar and recombines them with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water (opposite of photosynthesis) process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen | 48 | |
| 14818064429 | cellular respiration equation | C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP | 49 | |
| 14818064430 | 4 types of consumers | herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, scavenger | 50 | |
| 14818064431 | food chain | series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten | 51 | |
| 14818064432 | food web | a system of interlocking and interdependent food chains. | 52 | |
| 14818064433 | mutualism | both organisms benefit | 53 | |
| 14818064434 | commensalism | one organism benefits and the other is unaffected | 54 | |
| 14818064435 | parasitism | one organism benefits and the other is harmed | 55 | |
| 14818064436 | trophic levels | the successive levels of organisms consuming one another. amount of energy transferred lessens in each level |  | 56 |
| 14818064437 | rule of 10% | only 10% of energy is transferred from one organism to another, the other 90% is lost in the transaction through heat | 57 | |
| 14818064438 | first law of thermodynamics | conservation of energy. energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed | 58 | |
| 14818064439 | second law of thermodynamics | when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat); entrophy | 59 | |
| 14818909182 | species | all organisms of the same kind that are genetically similar enough to breed in nature and produce live, fertile offspring | 60 | |
| 14818914187 | population | all the members of a species living in a given area at the same time | 61 | |
| 14818919167 | biological community | all of the populations living and interacting in a particular area | 62 | |
| 14818924558 | ecosystem | biological community and its physical environment | 63 | |
| 14818939964 | productivity | the amount of biomass produced in a given area during a given period of time | 64 | |
| 14818939965 | biomass | 65 | ||
| 14818949378 | food chain | linked feeding series | 66 | |
| 14818953090 | food web | interconnected food chains as most consumers have multiple food sources | 67 | |
| 14818957655 | trophic level | An organism's feeding status in a food web | 68 | |
| 14818972730 | scavengers | an organism that feeds on the dead bodies of other organisms. | 69 | |
| 14818972731 | Detritivores | feed on detritus particles (waste debris) | 70 | |
| 14818975835 | decomposers | Break down organic matter (bacteria, fungus) | 71 | |
| 14818064440 | entrophy | a measure of disorder or randomness. | 72 | |
| 14818064441 | water cycle (hydrologic cycle) | movement of water between evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration Responsible for cellular metabolism, nutrient flow in ecosystems, and global distribution of heat and energy |  | 73 |
| 14818064442 | carbon cycle | movement of a carbon compound that is converted in the environment; involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels |  | 74 |
| 14819213622 | carbon sources | parts of the carbon cycle that release carbon dioxide | 75 | |
| 14818064443 | phosphorus cycle | Phosphorous compounds are leached from rocks and minerals and usually transported in aqueous form, Taken in and incorporated by producers, Passed on to consumers, and Returned to environment by decomposition the cyclic movement of phosphorus in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment |  | 76 |
| 14818064444 | nitrogen cycle | Nitrogen-fixing bacteria change nitrogen to a more useful form by combining it with hydrogen to make ammonia. Other bacteria convert ammonia to nitrites and nitrates, which can be taken up by plants to make proteins the transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere |  | 77 |
| 14818064445 | nitrogen cycle steps and products | nitrogen fixation --> ammonia (NH4) nitrification --> nitrates (NO3 and NO4) assimilation --> protein ammonification --> ammonia (NH4) denitrification --> nitrogen gas (n2) | 78 | |
| 14818064446 | terrestrial biomes | areas sharing similar climate, topographic and soil conditions, and thus the same basic types of biological communities characterized by distribution, precipitation, temperature, plants, animals; latitudinal | 79 | |
| 14818064447 | biomes | tropical rainforest, temperate (deciduous/coniferous) forest, taiga, tropical savanna, temperate grassland, desert tundra, boreal |  | 80 |
| 14819833190 | vertical zonation | vegetation zones defined by altitude | 81 | |
| 14819845757 | tropical rainforest | where rainfall exceeds 200 cm (80 inches) per year and temperatures are warm to hot year round support one of the most complex and biologically rich biomes | 82 | |
| 14819888293 | tropical seasonal forest | characterized by wet and dry seasons with hot temperatures year round Brown and dormant much of the year but become green during the rainy season Soil is richer than rainforest | 83 | |
| 14819870284 | cloud forests | high mountains where fog and mist keep vegetation continually wet | 84 | |
| 14818064448 | forest | nutrient rich soil, trees that shed leaves . ex: tropical rainforest, temperate deciduous forest, boreal, taiga | 85 | |
| 14818064451 | aquatic biomes | freshwater and marine | 86 | |
| 14818064449 | Tropical Grassland/Savanna/Shrubland | warm; seasonal rainfall; compact soils; frequent fires set by lightning -savannas: sparse tree cover | 87 | |
| 14818064450 | desert | Characterized by low moisture levels (less than 30 cm per year) and precipitation that is infrequent and unpredictable from year to year Plants exhibit water conservation characteristics such as water-storing stems, thick epidermis to reduce water loss, and salt tolerance | 88 | |
| 14819962476 | temperate grassland | Communities of grasses and seasonal herbaceous flowering plants Few trees due to inadequate rainfall Large daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations Thick organic soils Much converted to farmland | 89 | |
| 14819973286 | Temperate Shrubland (Mediterranean) | Characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters Evergreen shrubs, scrub oaks, pines -chaparral: shrubland in Cali | 90 | |
| 14820001774 | temperate deciduous forest | Temperate regions support lush summer plant growth when water is plentiful. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter as an adaptation to freezing temperatures | 91 | |
| 14820009353 | temperate rainforest | a cool, rainy forest often enshrouded in fog abundant in coniferous trees | 92 | |
| 14820020001 | boreal forest | Northern Coniferous Forest Broad band of mixed coniferous and (little) deciduous trees between 50° and 60° N latitude | 93 | |
| 14820025591 | taiga | Northernmost edge of boreal forest Extreme cold and short summers limit the growth rate of trees (very tiny trees) | 94 | |
| 14820035811 | tundra | a treeless landscape that occurs at high latitudes or on mountaintops Growing season of two or three months Frost any month of the year | 95 | |
| 14820057431 | Vertical stratification | Light and temperature decrease with depth and deep ocean species often grow slowly | 96 | |
| 14820069693 | benthic | bottom | 97 | |
| 14820073398 | pelagic | water column above the bottom | 98 | |
| 14820076338 | littoral zone | Area near shore rich in light and nutrients | 99 | |
| 14818064452 | marine/saltwater biome | largest biome on Earth, diverse animals and crustaceans, plants include kelp and seaweed . includes: coral reefs, mangrove swamp, open ocean, barrier island, estuary, tide pool | 100 | |
| 14818064453 | coral reef | the most diverse marine biome on Earth, found in warm, shallow waters beyond the shoreline, made of living organisms. very vulnerable to climate change Aggregations of coral polyps that live symbiotically with algae. Their calcium rich skeletons build up the reef. Found in shallow water as light must penetrate for algal photosynthesis |  | 101 |
| 14818064454 | mangroves | trees that grow in saltwater along tropical coastlines. Help stabilize shoreline Nurseries for fish, shrimp |  | 102 |
| 14820165839 | thermocline | distinctive temperature transition zone that separates warm upper layer and deeper cold layer | 103 | |
| 14818064456 | estuary | the area where a freshwater stream or river merges with the ocean, provides a safe place for animals (babies) |  | 104 |
| 14820135472 | salt marshes | coastal wetlands flooded regularly or occasionally by seawater | 105 | |
| 14818064458 | freshwater biome | aquatic biome that water contains little or no salt . includes: river, lake, swamp, bog/fen, march | 106 | |
| 14818064457 | tide pool | Depressions in a rocky shoreline that are flooded at high tide but retain some water at low tide small habitats on shore that are underwater during high tide and exposed during low tide, home to very unique animals |  | 107 |
| 14820152673 | barrier island | Narrow islands made of sand that form parallel to a coastline Provide protection from storms, waves, tides | 108 | |
| 14818064459 | river | large natural stream of water that runs through the land | 109 | |
| 14818064460 | lake | a large body of water surrounded by land | 110 | |
| 14820176615 | Epilimnion | warm upper layer | 111 | |
| 14820174519 | Hypomilion | cold, deeper layer that does not mix | 112 | |
| 14820190548 | wetland | Land surface is saturated or covered with water at least part of the year majority have high productivity Trap and filter water, and store runoff | 113 | |
| 14818064462 | marsh | an area of low-lying land that is flooded in wet seasons or at high tide, and typically remains waterlogged at all times Wetlands without trees |  | 114 |
| 14820194422 | swamp | Wetlands with trees | 115 | |
| 14818064463 | bog and fen | Waterlogged soils that tend to accumulate peat. Bogs fed by precipitation, while fens are fed from groundwater. Nutrient poor with low productivity, but many unusual species |  | 116 |
