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| 13930233521 | cerebral cortex | the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres, the body's ultimate control and info processing center | 0 | |
| 13930233522 | frontal lobe | A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement | 1 | |
| 13930233523 | parietal lobe | portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position | 2 | |
| 13930233524 | occipital lobe | A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information | 3 | |
| 13930233525 | temporal lobe | An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information | 4 | |
| 13930233526 | motor cortex | an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements | 5 | |
| 13930233527 | somatosensory cortex | area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations | 6 | |
| 13930233528 | association areas | areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking | 7 | |
| 13930233529 | Plasticity | the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience | 8 | |
| 13930233530 | neurogenesis | the formation of new neurons | 9 | |
| 13930233531 | lesion | tissue destruction. A brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue | 10 | |
| 13930233532 | Neuron | a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system | 11 | |
| 13930233533 | cell body | contains nucleus | 12 | |
| 13930233534 | Dendrites | a neuron's bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body | 13 | |
| 13930233535 | Axon | the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands | 14 | |
| 13930233536 | myelin sheath | a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next | 15 | |
| 13930233537 | glial cells (glia) | cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons: they also play a role in thinking and memory | 16 | |
| 13930233538 | action potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon | 17 | |
| 13930233539 | threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse | 18 | |
| 13930233540 | refactory period | The "recharging phase" when a neuron, after firing, cannot generate another action potential. | 19 | |
| 13930233541 | all-or-none response | a neuron's reaction of either firing (with a full-strength response) or not firing. | 20 | |
| 13930233542 | Synapse | the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron | 21 | |
| 13930233543 | Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons | 22 | |
| 13930233544 | Reuptake | a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron | 23 | |
| 13930233545 | Endorphins | "morphine within"—natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure. | 24 | |
| 13930233546 | Agonist | a molecule that increases a neurotransmitter's action | 25 | |
| 13930233547 | Antagonist | a molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's action | 26 | |
| 13930233548 | EEG (electroencephalogram) | An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp. | 27 | |
| 13930233549 | MEG (magnetoencephalography) | technique that measures brain activity by detecting tiny magnetic fields generated by the brain | 28 | |
| 13930233550 | CT (computed tomography) scan | a series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body. Also called CAT scan. | 29 | |
| 13930233551 | PET (positron emission tomography) scan | a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task | 30 | |
| 13930233552 | MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) | a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy. | 31 | |
| 13930233553 | fMRI (functional MRI) | A technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function. | 32 | |
| 13930233554 | Brainstem | the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions | 33 | |
| 13930233555 | Medulla | the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing | 34 | |
| 13930233556 | thalamus | the brain's sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla | 35 | |
| 13930233557 | reticular formation | a nerve network that travels through the brainstem and thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal | 36 | |
| 13930233558 | Cerebellum | the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance | 37 | |
| 13930233559 | limbic system | neural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives. | 38 | |
| 13930233560 | Amygdala | two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion. | 39 | |
| 13930233561 | Hypothalamus | A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward. | 40 | |
| 13930233562 | Hippocampus | a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage | 41 | |
| 13930233563 | unconditioned response | in classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus | 42 |
