Terms : Hide Images
| 9492915997 | electrostatics | the science dealing with static electric charge | 0 | |
| 9492924665 | charge | a special state of the body in which it is able to take part in electric interactions | 1 | |
| 9492934022 | positive charge | the charge of a glass rod rubbed with silk | 2 | |
| 9492936017 | negative charge | the charge which is attracted by the positive one | 3 | |
| 9492954555 | basic electric phenomena | -attraction -repulsion -influence -charging up -neutralization -grouding | 4 | |
| 9492964534 | attraction | unlike charges attract eachother | 5 | |
| 9492966804 | repulsion | like charges repell eachother | 6 | |
| 9492968775 | influence | positive and negative charges separate inside an originally neutral body as the effect of a charged body | 7 | |
| 9492978103 | grounding | when connectin an electrically charged body and the Earth with a conductor the charge flows to the Earth | 8 | |
| 9492987958 | neutralization | seperated positive and negative chrages equlize eachother inside a body or a system | 9 | |
| 9492993065 | neutral body | the body has no charge OR it has both positive and negative charges of the same quantity | 10 | |
| 9493000080 | electric conductor | material in which charge flows freely | 11 | |
| 9493005796 | electric insulator | material in which charge does not flow freely | 12 | |
| 9493009667 | electrolyte | a substance producing an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent such as water | 13 | |
| 9493024007 | electroscope | a device for detecting the presence and determining the sign of electric charges by means of attraction and repulsion | 14 | |
| 9493034676 | plazm state | a state of matter in which ions and electrons move freely (electrolized gas) | 15 | |
| 9493040617 | source body | a body which generates an electric field | 16 | |
| 9493044707 | test body | a body used to investigate an electric field | 17 | |
| 9493049422 | electrically closed system | charge can not enter or leave the system | 18 | |
| 9493051878 | electric force | a type a force exerted by a charged body on its surroundings | 19 | |
| 9493071108 | Coulomb's law | the electric force depends on the 2 charges and the distance between them | 20 | |
| 9493084431 | principle of the conservation of electric charge | in an electrically closed system the totl amount of charge is constant in time | 21 | |
| 9493090093 | electric field | a special region of space in which electric effects can be observed | 22 | |
| 9493097344 | homogeneous electric field | the field lines are parallel and the density of them is constant | 23 | |
| 9493103465 | inhomogeneous field | the field lines aren't parallel and their density is not constant (e.g.: radial structure of a pointlike source body) | 24 | |
| 9493109673 | electric field strength | it gives the value of the electric force on a unit positively craged test body | 25 | |
| 9493120012 | the vector of electric field stregth | a vector which has always the same direction as that of the electric force exerting on a positively charged test body | 26 | |
| 9493128339 | electric field lines | imaginery curves indicating the direction of the electric field strengt vectors. at any point of the field line the direction of the electric field vector is always tangential | 27 | |
| 9493142739 | properties of electric field lines | -field lines always start from a positively charged source body -field lines always terminate at a negatively charged source body -field lines never intersect eachother | 28 | |
| 9493154115 | electric flux | the number of field lines intersecting a unit imaginary surface parallelly (in rality there are infinite number of field linesí) | 29 | |
| 9493169982 | linear density of electric charge | the electric charge of a unit length | 30 | |
| 9493173528 | surface density of electric charge | the electric charge of a unit surface | 31 | |
| 9493175587 | shielding | there is no electric charge inside a conductor | 32 | |
| 9493178972 | stable equilibrium position | when removing the body from its equilibrium position it will return after the force exerting on it ceases | 33 | |
| 9493190414 | unstable equilibrium position | when removing the body from its equilibrium position it will not return after the force exerting on it ceases | 34 | |
| 9493199192 | work done by an electric field | the electric field does work when the test body moves along the field lines; the work only depends on the initial and final position of the object and not the path connecting the two positions | 35 | |
| 9493212347 | level | the set of points in the electric field when moving a test body between these points there is no work done by the electric field on the test body | 36 | |
| 9493222876 | conservative field | the amount of work done on the test body by the field is independent of the shape of the path | 37 | |
| 9493228357 | voltage | voltage gives the work done on a unit positively charged test body by the electric field while carrying it from one level to another | 38 | |
| 9493237668 | potential | the needed amount of work to carry a unit positively chraged test body from zero level to a certain point | 39 | |
| 9493247732 | potential energy | the amount of energy gained by the test body while carrying it from the zero level to another one | 40 | |
| 9493258403 | principle of energy conservation in an electric field | the total amount of energy of a test body in an electric field is constant in time | 41 | |
| 9493272578 | conductors in an electric field | -the charges accumulate on the surface of the conductor as a result of the repulsion of like charges -field lines started from a conductor behaving as a source body are perpendicular to the surface -all the points of the surface of a conductor have the same potential->they form a level -when placing a conductor in an electric field a new electric field is generated in which the field lines are the opposite of the original ones. Because of this the resultant electric force inside a conductor is always 0, so no electric effects can be experienced inside the conductor. This is the phenomenom of shielding | 42 | |
| 9493318094 | pinpoint effect | electric charge is accumulated on the surface of a metalic conductor at positions of biggest curvature | 43 | |
| 9493326648 | electric wind | the wind blowing from a source body as a result of repulsoin of like charges | 44 | |
| 9493336518 | electric capacitance | capacitance gives the needed amount of charge to generate a unit potential difference | 45 | |
| 9493366473 | condensor | a special type of electric instrument consisting of two pieces of oppositely charged metal which can store a large amount of charge on the surface | 46 | |
| 9493377096 | polarization | in an insulator bc of the rotation of the dipole molecules the resultant electric field stregth decreases when putting it between two condensor plates | 47 | |
| 9493401718 | series combination of condensors | -all the charges are equal -the total amount of voltage is equal to the sum of the voltages -there is inverse propotion between the voltages dropping between the two plates of the condensors and the capacitances -the reciprocal of the equivalent capacinótance is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the capacitances of the original condensors | 48 | |
| 9493473125 | equivalent capacitance | the capacitance of the imaginery condensor substituting the original ones so that it has the same effects as them | 49 | |
| 9493481750 | main branch | from the positive pole to the first junction and from the last junction to the negative pole | 50 | |
| 9493489752 | junction | where the brances meet | 51 | |
| 9493492177 | parallel combination of condensors | - the total amount of charge is equal to the sum of the charges -all the voltages are equal -there is direct propotion between the charges and the capacitances -the equivalent capacitance is the sum of the capacitance of the original condensors | 52 | |
| 9493518421 | electric energy | the amount of energy stored inside the electric field of the condensor | 53 | |
| 9493524165 | electric current | the ordered flow of electric charge | 54 | |
| 9493528904 | direct current | charge flows to the same direction | 55 | |
| 9493533689 | alternating current | there is periodic change in the direction of the flow of the charge | 56 | |
| 9493539972 | current intensity | the amount of charge flowing through a certain crossection of the wire in a unit time | 57 | |
| 9493548038 | superconductors | special type of metals or coils of metals in which when starting an electric current the current intensity will be constant without applying an electric source | 58 | |
| 9493557860 | heat effect of electric current | it is a direct and compulsory effect e.g.: oven, hairdryer, electric heat radiator... | 59 | |
| 9493569446 | magnetic effect of electric current | it is a direct and compulsory effect e.g.: electromagnet (coil of wire+iron core; current->magnetization->good bc its strength can be easily changed) | 60 | |
| 9493576824 | chemical effect of electric current | direct effect of direct current but not alternating current | 61 | |
| 9493595155 | electrolysis | any type of process during which chemical reactions are started as the effect of the electric current driven into certain materials | 62 | |
| 9493618945 | electrode | a piece of metal submerged into an electrolyte | 63 | |
| 9493623900 | indifferent electrode | an electrode made of stable materilas so that it carries the current inside the water solution but it doesn't take part in chemical reactions | 64 | |
| 9494713863 | biological effect of electric current | it is a consequence of the other effects (heat nad chemical): muscles contract, burn- the human body acts as a watersolution | 65 | |
| 9494724950 | light effect of electric current | it is a consequence of the other effects | 66 | |
| 9494731613 | conditions of the flow of the electric current between two points | -there is potential difference between the points -the points are connected with a conductor | 67 | |
| 9494739636 | technical direction of current | by definition current cosists of positive charges | 68 | |
| 9494745732 | real direction of current | in reality electrons (negative charges) flow | 69 | |
| 9494752867 | electric source | an instrument carrying electric charge from the position of lower potential to the position of higher potential (work is done) | 70 | |
| 9494761785 | types of electric sources | -galvanic cell -generator -solar cell | 71 | |
| 9494764016 | galvanic cell | electric source producing electricity with the help of chemical reactions | 72 | |
| 9494769974 | redoxi reaction | electron transport from a certain material to another | 73 | |
| 9494773641 | generator | an instrument producing electricity with the help of electromagnetic induction (e.g.:dynamo) | 74 | |
| 9494780126 | motional induction | current is induced inside a coil of wire surrounding a rotating magnet | 75 | |
| 9494789067 | solar cell | an instrument made of semiconducting materials in which electron transportation is generated when exposed to light | 76 | |
| 9494794293 | diod | any type of instrument which regulates the direction of the current | 77 | |
| 9494799304 | consumer | any type of instrument which uses the energy of the current | 78 | |
| 9494803288 | electric resistor | any type of instrument on which the current has heat effect | 79 | |
| 9494808526 | electric resistance | it gives the value of the needed voltage generating unit current intensity between two points | 80 | |
| 9494815383 | resistance depends on | -length of wire -cross section of wire -material of the wire -temperature of the wire | 81 | |
| 9494830377 | series combination of resistors | -the current intensities are the same everywhere -the total amount of voltage is equal to the sum of the voltages of the original resistors -the equivalent resistance is equal to the sum of the original resistances -there is direct propotion between the voltages dropping on the resistors and the resistance values -advantage: many resistors of small resistance values have enough resistance together to work -disadvantage: if one of the resistors goes wrong none of them work -e.g.: christmas lights | 82 | |
| 9494849549 | equivalent resistor | an imaginery resistor substituting the original ones so that it has the same effect as that of the original ones | 83 | |
| 9494886540 | parallel combination of resistors | -the total current intensity is equal to the sum of the current intensities flowing through the original resistors -the voltage dropping on the resistors are equal everywhere -the reciprocal of the equivalent resistance is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the resistances of the original resistors -there is inverse propotion between the current intensities and the resistance values -advantage: independent use -disadvantage: too many consumers can not work together -e.g.: electrical multi-outlet | 84 | |
| 9494922329 | Wheatstone-bridge | a type of bridge combination in which the ratio of the resistances in the two brances are equal | 85 | |
| 9494929998 | Kirchoff's first law | the algebraic sum of current intensities flowing towards or away from a junction is equal to 0 | 86 | |
| 9494937356 | Kirchoff's second law | the algebraic sum of the voltages dropping on the single resistors or generated by the sources is equal to 0 for a full cycle/loop in the circuit | 87 | |
| 9494947695 | power of electric current | the amount of heat developed in unit time | 88 | |
| 9494952263 | short circuit | two points in a circuit are connected with a wire of 0 resistance | 89 | |
| 9494956288 | potentiometer | any type of instrument whose resistance can be changed easily | 90 | |
| 9494961056 | internal resistance | the resistance inside the source which is always present | 91 | |
| 9494965331 | internal voltage | the voltage dropping on the source itself | 92 | |
| 9494968251 | full circuit | always contains the internal resistance of the source | 93 | |
| 9494972428 | electromotoric force | the maximum voltage which can be generated by the source | 94 | |
| 9494978101 | the special case of opened circuit | -the external resistance is infinite -the current intensity is 0 -the internal voltage is 0 -the electromotoric force is equal to the external voltage | 95 | |
| 9494991545 | the special case of short circuit | -the external resistance is 0 -the equivalent resistance is equal to the internal resistance -maximum current intensity | 96 | |
| 9494998536 | ammeter | an instrument measuring current intensity; it is always combined serially to get proper results | 97 | |
| 9495005046 | ideal ammeter | its resistance is almost 0 | 98 | |
| 9495007511 | measurement limit | maximum current intensity/voltage which can be observed without the instrument going wrong | 99 | |
| 9495015482 | shunt | a resistor combined parallelly with the ammeter to extend its measurement limit | 100 | |
| 9495021790 | voltmeter | a type of instrument measuring voltage ; it is always combined parallelly to get the proper results; another serially combined resistor is neede to extend its measurement limit | 101 | |
| 9495033850 | ideal voltmeter | its resistance is close to infinite | 102 |
