Terms : Hide Images
| 10635657262 | Trophic level | each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that SHARE the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy |  | 0 |
| 10635657263 | Ecological Pyramids | graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. |  | 1 |
| 10635657264 | Productivity | he rate of production of new biomass by an individual, population, or community; the fertility or capacity of a given habitat or area. |  | 2 |
| 10635657265 | Gross productivity | total energy produced by an ecosystem |  | 3 |
| 10635657266 | Net productivity | Pn energy stored (only 10% stored and available) |  | 4 |
| 10635657267 | Gross primary productivity | the total amount of biomass produced via photosynthesis over a given amount of time |  | 5 |
| 10635657268 | Net primary Productivity | The energy captured by producers in an ecosystem minus the energy producers respire |  | 6 |
| 10635657269 | Gross secondary productivity | the total gain by consumers in energy or biomass per unit time through absorption(GSP-R) |  | 7 |
| 10635657270 | Net secondary productivity | generation of biomass of heterotrophic(consumer) organisms in a system |  | 8 |
| 10635657272 | Biomes | Broad, regional types of ecosystems characterized by distinctive climates and soil conditions and distinctive kinds of biological communities adapted to those conditions. |  | 9 |
| 10635657273 | Biosphere | All of the Earth's ecosystems, or the global ecosystem where all life in interconnected. |  | 10 |
| 10635657274 | Zonation | he distribution of plants or animals into specific zones according to such parameters as altitude or depth, each characterized by its dominant species. |  | 11 |
| 10635657275 | Succession | a number of people or things sharing a specified characteristic and following one after the other. |  | 12 |
| 10635657276 | Primary Succession | An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed |  | 13 |
| 10635657280 | Secondary Succession |  | 14 | |
| 10635657277 | Species diversity | number of different species that are represented in a given community |  | 15 |
| 10635720508 | Competition | the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources, both species are harmed |  | 16 |
| 10635735423 | exploitative interactions | one species benefits, the other is harmed |  | 17 |
| 10635739306 | mutualism | A relationship between two species in which both species benefit |  | 18 |
| 10635744441 | Intraspecific competition | competition between members of the same species, high population density = increased competition |  | 19 |
| 10635757239 | Interspecific competition | competition between members of 2 or more species, strongly affects community composition, leads to competitive exclusion or species coexistence |  | 20 |
| 10635767282 | Competitive exclusion | one species completely excludes another species from using the resource |  | 21 |
| 10635773597 | Species coexistence | neither species fully excludes the other from resources, so both live side by side |  | 22 |
| 10635895997 | Fundamental niche | The full potential range of the physical, chemical, and biological factors a species can use if there is no competition from other species. |  | 23 |
| 10635901487 | Realized niche | Part of a species fundamental niche that the species actually uses, limited by competition. |  | 24 |
| 10635908019 | Resource partitioning | The division of environmental resources by coexisting species such that the niche of each species differs from the niches of other coexisting species |  | 25 |
| 10635933765 | Character displacement | The tendency for characteristics to be more divergent in sympatric populations of two species than in allopatric populations of the same two species. |  | 26 |
| 10635941067 | Predation | process by which individuals of one species (predators) capture, kill, and consume individuals of another species (prey) |  | 27 |
| 10635956429 | Parasitism | a relationship in which one organism (parasite) depends on another (host) for nourishment or some other benefit. The parasite harms, but doesn't kill, the host. |  | 28 |
| 10635969555 | Coevolution | Process by which two or more species evolve in response to adaptations in each other |  | 29 |
| 10635985075 | Herbivory | animals feed on the tissues of plants |  | 30 |
| 10635994826 | Symbiosis | A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species. |  | 31 |
| 10636002963 | Pollination | bees, bats, birds and others transfer pollen from one flower to another, fertilizing its eggs |  | 32 |
| 10636009312 | Amensalism | a relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected | 33 | |
| 10636013620 | Commensalism | A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected |  | 34 |
| 10636033577 | Producers | Organisms that make their own food |  | 35 |
| 10636035764 | consumers | An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains. |  | 36 |
| 10636037954 | decomposer | an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material. |  | 37 |
| 10636039990 | detritivore | organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter |  | 38 |
| 10636053571 | omnivore | An animal that eats both plants and animals |  | 39 |
| 10636064958 | Food chain | A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |  | 40 |
| 10636067965 | Food web | network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem |  | 41 |
| 10636075870 | Keystone species | A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem |  | 42 |
| 10636083062 | Trophic Cascade | A series of changes in the population sizes of organisms at different trophic levels in a food chain, occurring when predators at high trophic levels indirectly promote populations of organisms at low trophic levels by keeping species at intermediate trophic levels in check. Trophic cascades may become apparent when a top predator is eliminated from a system. |  | 43 |
| 10636096500 | Resistance | community of organisms resists change and remains stable despite the disturbance | 44 | |
| 10636102037 | Resilience | a community changes in response to a disturbance, but later returns to its original state |  | 45 |
| 10636109333 | Succession | A series of predictable and orderly changes within an ecosystem over time. |  | 46 |
| 10636112533 | Primary succession | succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists | | 47 |
| 10636116884 | Pioneer species | First species to populate an area during primary succession |  | 48 |
| 10636123957 | Secondary succession | Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil |  | 49 |
| 10636128661 | Climax community | A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species over time | | 50 |
| 10636133130 | Phase (regime) shift | the overall character of the community fundamentally changes |  | 51 |
| 10636153388 | Invasive species | non-native (exotic) organisms that spread widely and become dominant in a community |  | 52 |
| 10636165427 | Ecological restoration | Deliberate alteration of a degraded habitat or ecosystem to restore as much of its ecological structure and function as possible. |  | 53 |
| 10636179531 | Prairie restoration | replanting native species, controlling invasive species |  | 54 |
| 10636185233 | Florida Everglades | Damaged from being drained, diverted, paved over, nutrient pollution from agriculture, invasive species. 1990 - Comprehensive Everglades Restoration - removes canals and levees / restores curving flow of half of the Kisimmee River |  | 55 |
| 10636196139 | Biome | A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms |  | 56 |
| 10636203243 | Climatographs | a climate diagram showing an area's mean monthly temperature and precipitation |  | 57 |
| 10636218791 | Temperate deciduous forest | A forest characterized by trees that shed their leaves in the fall. Range of the temperatures can be extreme. Vegetation changes with the seasons because of the temperature. |  | 58 |
| 10636227062 | Temperate grasslands | dominated by grasses, trees and large shrubs are absent. Temperatures vary more from summer to winter, and the amount of rainfall is less than in savannas. Temperate grasslands have hot summers and cold winters. Occur in South Africa, Hungary, Argentina, the steppes of the former Soviet Union, and the plains and prairies of central North America. |  | 59 |
| 10636236432 | Temperate rainforest | The cool, dense, rainy forests of the northern Pacific coast; enshrouded in fog much of the time; dominated by large conifers |  | 60 |
| 10636436723 | Tropical rainforest | Forests in which rainfall is abundant - more that 200 cm (80 in) per year - and temperatures are warm or hot year-round. Very poor, acidic soils, Diverse species, but in low densities, Southeast Asia, west Africa Central and South America | 61 | |
| 10636456868 | Tropical dry forest | A terrestrial biome characterized by relatively high temperatures and precipitation overall but with a pronounced dry season. India, Africa, South America, north Australia, converted to agriculture, Severe soil erosion | 62 | |
| 10636474576 | Savanna | a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees. Africa, South America, Australia, India, Precipitation is only during the rainy season | 63 | |
| 10636494629 | Desert | An extremely dry area with little water, Some are bare, with sand dunes (Sahara), Some are heavily vegetated (Sonoran), Temperatures vary widely, not always hot, Saline soils, Animals = nocturnal, nomadic, Plants = thick skins, spines | 64 | |
| 10636517459 | Tundra | a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which the subsoil is permanently frozen- permafrost, Few animals: polar bears, musk oxen, caribou, migratory birds Lichens, low vegetation, few trees | 65 | |
| 10636527720 | Boreal forest (taiga) | a region of coniferous forest (such as pine, spruce, and fir) in the Northern Hemisphere; located just south of the tundra, Nutrient poor, acidic soil, Moose, wolves, bears, lynx, migratory birds | 66 | |
| 10636537624 | Chaparral | A scrubland biome of dense, spiny evergreen shrubs found at midlatitudes along coasts where cold ocean currents circulate offshore; characterized by mild, rainy winters and long, hot, dry summers. | 67 | |
| 10636543644 | Rainshadow effect | A location of little rain on the leeward side of a mountain range due to descending air. | 68 | |
| 10636556777 | "latitudinal patterns" | Vegetative communities rapidly change along mountain slopes because the climate varies with altitude so hiking up a mountain in the southwest U.S. is like walking from Mexico to Canada | 69 |
