Terms : Hide Images
| 12229853356 | Black Hand | Pre-World War I secret Serbian society; one of its members, Gavrilo Princip, assassinated Austrian archduke Francis Ferdinand and provided the spark for the outbreak of the Great War | 0 | |
| 12229853357 | Bolshevik | Russian communist party headed by Lenin | 1 | |
| 12229853358 | Central Powers | World War I term for the alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman empire | 2 | |
| 12229853359 | communism | Philosophy and movement that began in middle of the nineteenth century with the work of Karl Marx; it has the same general goals as socialism, but it includes the belief that violent revolution is necessary to destroy the bourgeois world and institute a new world run by and for the proletariat | 3 | |
| 12229853360 | Dreadnoughts | A class of British battleships whose heavy armaments made all other battleships obsolete overnight | 4 | |
| 12229853361 | February Revolution | Russian uprising in 1917 against shortages and the mounting toll of World War I. Nicholas II abdicated the thrown, and a provisional government was established | 5 | |
| 12229853362 | Gallipoli | World War I battle in which the British lead a disastrous attack on the Ottomans; the number of Allied casualties weakens loyalty between Britain and Canada, Australia, and New Zealand | 6 | |
| 12229853363 | Home Front | Term made popular in World War I and World War II for the civilian "front" that was symbolic of the greater demands of total war | 7 | |
| 12229853364 | Imperialism | Term associated with the expansion of European powers and their conquest and colonization of African and Asian societies, mainly from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries | 8 | |
| 12229853365 | Luisitania | British passenger liner sunk in 1915 that helped sway American opinion of the war | 9 | |
| 12229853366 | Mandate system | System that developed in the wake of World War I when the former colonies became mandates under European control, a thinly veiled attempt at continuing imperialism | 10 | |
| 12229853367 | October Revolution | Bolsheviks seize power from Russian provisional government in the name of all Soviets | 11 | |
| 12229853368 | Ottoman Empire | Powerful Turkish empire that lasted from the conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453 until 1918 and reached its peak during the reign of Süleyman the Magnificent (r. 1520-1566) | 12 | |
| 12229853369 | Romanov | Russian dynasty (1610-1917) founded by Mikhail Romanov and ending with Nicholas II | 13 | |
| 12229853370 | Schlieffen Plan | Germany's World War I plan of attack in which they would swiftly attack France and then fight a defensive war against Russia | 14 | |
| 12229853371 | Self-determinism | Belief popular in World War I and after that every people should have the right to determine their own political destiny; the belief was often cited but ignored by the Great Powers | 15 | |
| 12229853372 | Soviets | Russian elected councils that originated as strike committees during the 1905 St. Petersburg disorders; they represented a form of local self-government that went on to become the primary unit of government in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The term was also used during the cold war to designate the Soviet Union | 16 | |
| 12229853373 | Triple Alliance | Pre-World War I alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy | 17 | |
| 12229853374 | Triple Entente | Pre-World War I alliance of England, France, and Russia | 18 | |
| 12229853375 | Versailles | Palace of French King Louis XIV | 19 | |
| 12229853376 | absolutism | Political philosophy that stressed the divine right theory of kingship: the French king Louis XIV was the classic example | 20 | |
| 12229853377 | Ahimsa | Jain term for the principle of nonviolence to other living things or their souls | 21 | |
| 12229853378 | Anti-Semitism | Term coined in late nineteenth century that was associated with a prejudice against Jews and the political, social, and economic actions taken against them | 22 | |
| 12229853379 | Bauhaus | German school of architecture that shaped the international style of twentieth century urban buildings, combining engineering and art to create a concept where form follows function | 23 | |
| 12229853380 | Bolshevik | Russian communist party headed by Lenin | 24 | |
| 12229853381 | Collectivization | Process beginning in the late 1920s by which Stalin forced the Russian peasants off their own land and onto huge collective farms run by the state; millions died in the process | 25 | |
| 12229853382 | Communism | Philosophy and movement that began in middle of the nineteenth century with the work of Karl Marx; it has the same general goals as socialism, but it includes the belief that violent revolution is necessary to destroy the bourgeois world and institute a new world run by and for the proletariat | 26 | |
| 12229853383 | Conservatism | Political ideology that resisted change in favor of tradition and viewed society as an organism that evolved slowly over time | 27 | |
| 12229853384 | Eugenics | Nazi policies intended to improve the quality of the German race, including the sterilization or euthanasia of physically and mentally handicapped | 28 | |
| 12229853385 | Fascism | Political ideology and mass movement that was prominent in many parts of Europe between 1919 and 1945; it sought to regenerate the social, political, and cultural life of societies, especially in contrast to liberal democracy and socialism; fascism began with Mussolini in Italy, and it reached its peak with Hitler in Germany | 29 | |
| 12229853386 | five-year plans | First implemented by Stalin in the Soviet Union in 1928; five-year plans were a staple of communist regimes in which every aspect of production was determined in advance for a five-year period; five-year plans were opposite of the free market concept | 30 | |
| 12229853387 | Great Purge | Stalin's policy of collectivization and his sending of eight million people to labor camps | 31 | |
| 12229853388 | Guomindong | Chinese nationalist party founded by Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) and later led by Jiang Jieshi; it has been centered in Taiwan since the end of the Chinese civil war. | 32 | |
| 12229853389 | Harijans | "Children of God," Gandhi's term for the Untouchables | 33 | |
| 12229853390 | Hinduism | Main religion of India, a combination of Dravidian and Aryan concepts | 34 | |
| 12229853391 | India Act | British modification of self-rule (1937) that was offered to India after policy of repression failed | 35 | |
| 12229853392 | Islam | Monotheistic religion of the prophet Muhammad (570-632); influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture | 36 | |
| 12229853393 | Keynesianism | Economic school of thought espousing the necessity of stimulating demand to remedy depression. Governments must work to "pump the prime" of the economy to boost consumer demand | 37 | |
| 12229853394 | Kristallnacht | Official attacks in 1938 on synagogues and Jewish businesses in Germany | 38 | |
| 12229853395 | Kulaks | Land-owning Russian peasants who benefited under Lenin's New Economic Policy and suffered under Stalin's forced collectivization | 39 | |
| 12229853396 | Lebenstraum | German term meaning "living space"; the term is associated with Hitler and his goal of carving out territory in the east for an expanding Germany | 40 | |
| 12229853397 | Long March | Retreat of Chinese Communist Party (1934-1935) after the Nationalist Party turns on them following their combined Northern Expedition to reunify China | 41 | |
| 12229853398 | May Fourth Movement | Movement that began 4 May 1919 with a desire to eliminate imperialist influences and promote national unity | 42 | |
| 12229853399 | Muslim | A follower of Islam | 43 | |
| 12229853400 | New Deal | President Roosevelt's Keynsian policies of massive government investment in the economy | 44 | |
| 12229853401 | New Economic Policy | Plan implemented by Lenin that called for minor free market reforms | 45 | |
| 12229853402 | Nurembourg Laws | Anti-Semitic laws enacted in 1935 in Nazi Germany that deprived Jews of citizenship and outlawed intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews | 46 | |
| 12229853403 | Paris Peace Accords | Agreement reached in 1973 that marked the end of the United States' role in the Vietnam War | 47 | |
| 12229853404 | Planned Scarcity | Depression-era economic policy of decreasing the supply of goods in order to increase demand and boost the economy | 48 | |
| 12229853405 | Psychoanalytic Theory | Freud's analysis of the psychological causes of mental illness which examines conflict between conscious and unconscious mental processes and sexual repression | 49 | |
| 12229853406 | Satyagraha | "Truth and firmness," a term associated with Gandhi's policy of passive resistance | 50 | |
| 12229853407 | Smoot-Hawley Tariff | Example of economic nationalism that promoted retaliatory restrictions from other nations and ended up drastically reducing international trade between 1929 and 1932 | 51 | |
| 12229853408 | Soviets | Russian elected councils that originated as strike committees during the 1905 St. Petersburg disorders; they represented a form of local self-government that went on to become the primary unit of government in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The term was also used during the cold war to designate the Soviet Union | 52 | |
| 12229853409 | Theory of Relativity | Einstein's 1906 theory that space and time are relative to the person measuring them, implying that reality or truth is just a set of mental constructions | 53 | |
| 12229853410 | Uncertainty Principle | Werner Heisenberg's principle (1927) that the atomic universe is indeterminate, challenging traditional assumptions of cause and effect | 54 | |
| 12229853411 | Urdu | A language that is predominant in Pakistan | 55 | |
| 12229853412 | War Communism | The Russian policy of nationalizing industry and seizing private land during the civil war | 56 | |
| 12229853413 | Weimar Republic | Democratic interwar government of Germany that was eventually taken over by the Nazis | 57 | |
| 12229853414 | African National Congress | An organization, led by Nelson Mandela, that launched a campaign to protest apartheid in South Africa | 58 | |
| 12229853415 | Balfour Declaration | British declaration from 1917 that supported the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine | 59 | |
| 12229853416 | Bandung Conference | Conference in Indonesia (1955) at which twenty-nine nonaligned nations met | 60 | |
| 12229853417 | Boxer Rebellion | Movement (1899-1900) in which local militias attacked foreigners and Chinese Christians. Eventually put down by European and Japanese troops | 61 | |
| 12229853418 | Collectivization | Process beginning in the late 1920s by which Stalin forced the Russian peasants off their own land and onto huge collective farms run by the state; millions died in the process | 62 | |
| 12229853419 | Communalism | A term, usually associated with India, that placed an emphasis on religious rather than national identity | 63 | |
| 12229853420 | Communism | Philosophy and movement that began in middle of the nineteenth century with the work of Karl Marx; it has the same general goals as socialism, but it includes the belief that violent revolution is necessary to destroy the bourgeois world and institute a new world run by and for the proletariat | 64 | |
| 12229853421 | Decolonization | Process by which former colonies achieved their independence, as with the newly emerging African nations in the 1950s and 1960s | 65 | |
| 12229853422 | Descamisados | "Shirtless ones," Argentine poor who supported Juan and Eva Peron | 66 | |
| 12229853423 | Free Trade | Economic doctrine that unrestricted trade is ideal since the forces of supply and demand will ensure that the best product is available at the best price | 67 | |
| 12229853424 | Front de Liberation Nationale | The Algerian organization that fought a bloody guerilla war for freedom against France | 68 | |
| 12229853425 | Imperialism | Term associated with the expansion of European powers and their conquest and colonization of African and Asian societies, mainly from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries | 69 | |
| 12229853426 | Islam | Monotheistic religion of the prophet Muhammad (570-632); influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture | 70 | |
| 12229853427 | Islamism | Revival of Muslim traditions through the reassertion of Islamic values into Muslim politics and the resentment of European and American societies | 71 | |
| 12229853428 | Long March | Retreat of Chinese Communist Party (1934-1935) after the Nationalist Party turns on them following their combined Northern Expedition to reunify China | 72 | |
| 12229853429 | Mali | African kingdom founded in the thirteenth century by Sundiata; it reached its peak during the reign of Mansa Musa | 73 | |
| 12229853430 | Negritude | "Blackness," a term coined by early African nationalists as a means of celebrating the heritage of black peoples around the world | 74 | |
| 12229853431 | Socialism | Political and economic theory of social organization based on the collective ownership of the means of production; its origins were in the early nineteenth century, and it differs from communism by a desire for slow or moderate change compared to the communist call for revolution | 75 | |
| 12229853432 | Trade Union | Association of workers with the aim of protecting workers' interests | 76 | |
| 12229853433 | Zionism | Jewish nationalism in response to European anti-Semitism | 77 |
