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| 13936866862 | Reconquista | Beginning in the eleventh century, military campaigns by various Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last Muslim ruler was defeated, and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms. | 0 | |
| 13936866864 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. Was the first exchange between Eastern and Western Hemisphere. |  | 1 |
| 13936866866 | Conquistadors | - Spanish explorers were arrived in the New World in the hopes of achieving God, Gold, and Glory, though most contented themselves with the last two. | 2 | |
| 13936866867 | trading post empire | This is the type of empire established by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean trading arena. The Portuguese sought to control the commerce in the area and did not want to control large areas of land. | 3 | |
| 13936866870 | silver trade | the mining of this material in the Spanish colonies of Bolivia and Peru by slave/native labor made Spain rich until it flooded the market and caused depreciation. It also had a major impact on the economy of China. | 4 | |
| 13936866871 | caravel | A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. | 5 | |
| 13936866873 | plantations/plantation systems | A system of farming that changed the landscape and cultivation practices in the Americas. These huge farms required a large labor force (usually in the form of slaves) to grow crops because cash crops needed the right kind of climate and techniques to be cultivates. | 6 | |
| 13936866874 | Encomienda System | A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery. | 7 | |
| 13936866912 | Colonial Spain social classes |  | 8 | |
| 13936866875 | Bartolome de Las Casas | Dominican priest who spoke out against mistreatment of Native Americans | 9 | |
| 13936866876 | Brazil | Portugal's major colony in the New World, sugar was the cash crop, farmed with slave labor. | 10 | |
| 13936866877 | Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade | A trading system in which goods and humans moved between the colonies, Africa and England. Provided labor on colonial plantations. |  | 11 |
| 13936866878 | Indian Ocean Slave Trade | East Africa -> Middle East & India, similar conditions to the Atlantic Slave Trade, cultural diffusion | 12 | |
| 13936866879 | Indentured Servitude | A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most were Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians. | 13 | |
| 13936866880 | Mughal, Ottoman, Safavid | were three empires that shared the traits of a Islamic religion, and the use of bureaucracies and gunpowder in the militaries. | 14 | |
| 13936866884 | Fall of Gunpowder empires | corrupt or inept rulers, over-taxation, failure to modernize weapons, religious conflicts. | 15 | |
| 13936866885 | Russia | this empire (like the Qing) controlled a vast amount of land that included a multitude of ethnicities and languages. | 16 | |
| 13936866888 | Qing Dynasty | (1644-1911 CE), the last imperial dynasty of China which was overthrown by revolutionaries; was ruled by the Manchu people: began to isolate themselves from Western culture | 17 | |
| 13936866889 | Japan 1450-1750 | Tokugawa shogunate is established, instituted a closed door policy kicking everyone out after 1650, when Christianity (brought in by the Portuguese) was seen as a threat to the shogunate. Only the Dutch were allowed to trade through one port (Nagasaki). | 18 | |
| 13936866890 | Little Ice Age | Temporary but significant cooling period between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries; accompanied by wide temperature fluctuations, droughts, and storms, causing famines and dislocation. Could have been triggered in part by the Plague. | 19 | |
| 13936866891 | syncretic architecture | the combining of different architectural styles in one building. |  | 20 |
| 13936866892 | The Reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. | 21 | |
| 13936866893 | Protestant | a member or follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches. | 22 | |
| 13936866896 | Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. | 23 | |
| 13936866902 | mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to selling more goods than they bought, colonial possessions should serve as markets for exports and as suppliers of raw materials to the mother country. Manufacturing was forbidden in colonies, and a colony could only trade with its mother country. | 24 | |
| 13936866904 | Mississippian Culture - Cahokia | Largest North American city north of Mexico prior to European arrival, built mounds, usually with a temple structure at the top | 25 | |
| 13936866906 | Jamestown | The first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in East Virginia in 1607 | 26 | |
| 13936866907 | Scientific Revolution | The intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science. | 27 | |
| 13936866909 | Enlightenment | A philosophical movement which emphasized reason and the scientific method. Writers of the enlightenment tended to focus on government, ethics, and science, rather than on imagination, emotions, or religion. Many members of the Enlightenment rejected traditional religious beliefs in favor of Deism, which holds that the world is run by natural laws without the direct intervention of God. | 28 |
