02. Colonization

I. England
    A. Buccaneers – Protestantism and Plunder – Sir Francis Drake
    B. Roanoke Island – 1585 – “lost colony” – forgotten during war – CROATOAN
    C. Reasons for Colonization
        1. Enclosure – small farmers forced out
        2. Unemployed farmers
        3. Primogeniture – oldest son
        4. Joint Stock Company – investment
        5. Peace with Spain
        6. Adventure

II. South – Rivers, plantations, seasons – suitable for farming – started by single males
    A.    Virginia - Jamestown – Virginia Company – Starving Time – Pocahontas – John Smith
        a.    “He who shall not work shall not eat” – John Smith
        b.    wrong type of explorers/colonists – age, gender, motivation – gold
        c.    John Rolfe – Tobacco – “bewitching weed”
    B.    Maryland – Catholic haven
    C.    West Indies – Sugar – absentee slave owners – mostly male slaves
    D.    Carolinas – linked to W. Indies – Charles
        a.    N. Carolina – less aristocratic, independent, some outcasts, religious
    E.    Georgia – buffer zone and philanthropic experiment – new start for criminals

III. Northern Colonies – Protestant, shipping, fishing, small farms, harsh winters, harbors
    A.    Protestant Reformation – Puritanism – Church of England not reformed/true
        a.    Puritans – Separatists – Holland – Mayflower – landed N. of Virginia
            i.    Brought “strangers” – useful labor
            ii.    Mayflower Compact – gov’t by majority
            iii.    Plymouth Colony – not large or important economically
        b.    Non-Separatists – change English religion from within – interact
            i.    Massachussetts  Bay Colony – City on a Hill – 11 ships, 1000
            ii.    Church and state – theocracy
            iii.    Protestant work ethic – follow your calling – God likes effort
        c.    Anti-Puritan – Anne Hutchinson – meetings, questioned teaching/banish
        d.    Rhode Island – Roger Williams “new and dangerous opinions”
            i.    Believed – pay Indians for land, separate church/state, outcasts
        e.    Connecticut – Thomas Hooker – women’s rights – Fundamental Orders
        f.    New Hampshire – fishing

IV. Middle Colonies – fertile soil, industry, shipbuilding, some aristocrats, plantations/small – farms
    A.    New York – Old Netherlands – Dutch company – aristocratic
    B.    Delaware – New Sweden
    C.    Pennysylvania – William Penn – pacifist, bought Indian land

V. New England Confederation – 1643 – unite for Indians/runaways/internal problems