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Intelligence - AP Psychology Flashcards
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| 12245967416 | reliability | refers to the test producing consistent results each time it's given to the same individual or group of people | 0 | |
| 12245969164 | validity | the degree to which a test actually measures what it's supposed to measure | 1 | |
| 12245971900 | intelligence quotient (iq) | the ratio of mental age to chronological age; divide mental age by chronological age and multiply by 100 for the score | 2 | |
| 12245976466 | intelligence | the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems | 3 | |
| 12245978410 | creative intelligence | ability to deal with new/different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems (divergent thinking) | 4 | |
| 12245980316 | crystallized intelligence | when we use knowledge we've accumulated over time; holds steady as we age | 5 | |
| 12245982332 | fluid intelligence | ability to problem solve and reason abstractly, as well as to pick up new skills; diminishes as we age | 6 | |
| 12245983932 | g factor | general intelligence; ability to reason and solve problems | 7 | |
| 12245985694 | standardization | process of giving tests to a large group of people that represents the kind of people for whom the test is designed; establishment of consistent and standard methods of test administration | 8 | |
| 12245992644 | divergent thinking | * ability to deal with new/different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems (creative intelligence) | 9 | |
| 12245999760 | emotional intelligence | the accurate awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions to facilitate thinking and attain specific goals, and the ability to understand what others feel | 10 | |
| 12246004112 | factor analysis | * | 11 | |
| 12246021862 | mental age | average age at which children could successfully answer a particular level of questions | 12 | |
| 12246023868 | mental retardation | intellectual disabilities; intellectual development disorder; neurodevelopmental disorder; person exhibits deficits in mental abilities, which is typically associated with an IQ score 2 standard deviations below the mean; adaptive behavior is severely below a level appropriate for the person's age; limitations begin in the developmental stage | 13 | |
| 12246033379 | triarchic theory of intelligence | developed by robert sternberg; includes three kinds of intelligence - analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence | 14 | |
| 12246036323 | norm | scores from the standardization group; used for comparison | 15 | |
| 12246040119 | gardner's multiple intelligences | nine types of intelligence proposed; reason, logic, and knowledge are three different aspects of intelligence; the idea is appealing but not scientifically supported; critics argue that the types are just different abilities, not actually intelligence | 16 | |
| 12246046814 | practical intelligence | "street smarts"; using information to get along in life; high degree indicates people who are tactful, know how to manipulate situations to their advantage, and use inside information to their advantage | 17 | |
| 12246050345 | wechsler test | devised by david wechsler; a series of tests designed for specific age groups; frequently used in the united states; uses verbal and nonverbal items and organizes them into four cognitive domains | 18 |
Flashcards
AP Psychology - Unit 12 Flashcards
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| 13138992064 | etiology | cause of a disease | 0 | |
| 13138992059 | psychological disorder | deviant, distressful, dysfunctional thoughts + behaviors | 1 | |
| 13138992060 | deviant | abnormal | 2 | |
| 13138992061 | dysfunctional | interferes with the ability to live normally | 3 | |
| 13138992063 | syndrome | set of symptoms correlated with each other | 4 | |
| 13138992062 | distressful | brings distress to the person or others | 5 | |
| 13138992065 | What other aspects matter when diagnosing someone? | -Danger (to self or society) -Duration (of symptoms) | 6 | |
| 13138992068 | medical model | -the idea that mental disorders can be diagnosed + treated/cured -goal = to fix **INDIVIDUAL, not SOCIETAL problem | 7 | |
| 13138992069 | symptom + types of symptoms | features that indicate a disease -positive: adds abnormal behaviors -negative: absence of normal behavior | 8 | |
| 13138992071 | Criticisms (+ critics) of abnormal psychology | 1. Thomas Szasz: mental illness is tied to a social construct 2. David Rosenhan: Psychiatrists tendency to over-diagnose + permanence of labels | 9 | |
| 13138992073 | Rosenhan experiment | -Healthy participants were admitted to wards claiming they had M.D -Their questionnaires were interpreted as pathological even though they answered truly -Once admitted, Rosenhan saw how long it took fro them to convince staff they were sane (they acted normally) -7 - 52 days | 10 | |
| 13138992074 | Rosenhan experiment outcomes | -Psychiatrists tendency to over-diagnose (easy to get in) -Permanence of labels (hard to get out) | 11 | |
| 13138992077 | Mental disorder manuals | -DSM (Diagnostic + Statistical Manual of mental disorders) -ICD (International Classification of Disorders + related health problems) -used in Europe | 12 | |
| 13138992078 | What does the DSM include? | 1. Symptoms 2. Prevalence 3. Comorbidity | 13 | |
| 13138992085 | medical student's disease | medical student believes they have the disease that they are studying about | 14 | |
| 13138992086 | substance induced disorder | symptoms of other disorders caused by substances (that appear within 1 month of use) | 15 | |
| 13138992088 | anxiety disorder | excessive/over reactive fear/axneity | 16 | |
| 13138992089 | Types of anxiety disorders | -Specific phobia -Agoraphobia -GAD -Social anxiety disorder -Panic disorder -Separation anxiety | 17 | |
| 13138992090 | specific phobia | irrational fear of something | 18 | |
| 13138992097 | Define agoraphobia | fear of public spaces -usually fear of not being able to escape | 19 | |
| 13138992098 | What is agoraphobia comorbid with? | panic disorder (public panic attacks) | 20 | |
| 13138992099 | Define social anxiety disorder | fear of social situations -usually of being evaluated/judged | 21 | |
| 13138992101 | What is social anxiety disorder comorbid with? | substance abuse (used to cope) | 22 | |
| 13138992102 | Define panic disorder | occurrence of random panic attacks | 23 | |
| 13138992103 | generalized anxiety disorder | an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal | 24 | |
| 13138992105 | separation anxiety | fear when separated from attachment figures | 25 | |
| 13138992106 | Criteria for diagnosing separation anxiety | -At least 1 month in children -At least 6 months in adults | 26 | |
| 13138992107 | Trauma + stressor related disorder types | -PTSD -Acute stress disorder -Adjustment disorder | 27 | |
| 13138992108 | PTSD | disorder that stems from experiencing/observing traumatic events | 28 | |
| 13138992110 | Symptoms PTSD | 1. Flashbacks/Dreams 2. Avoidance of triggers 3. Sleep problems/irritability 4. Anxiety/Panic attacks 5. Dissociation | 29 | |
| 13138992115 | Obsessive compulsive + related disorder types | -OCD -Hoarding disorder -Body dysmorphic disorder | 30 | |
| 13138992116 | OCD | obsessions + compulsions | 31 | |
| 13138992117 | obsession | repetitive + unwanted thoughts | 32 | |
| 13138992118 | compulsion | repetitive behaviors | 33 | |
| 13138992120 | hoarding disorder | difficulty parting with personal possessions | 34 | |
| 13138992121 | Symptoms hoarding disorder | Excessive Acquisition -squiring items for which one has no space with | 35 | |
| 13138992124 | body dysmorphic disorder | excess preoccupation with: -imagined flaws -small physical flaws | 36 | |
| 13138992126 | somatic disorders (+past name) | -Used to be known as Hypochondriasis -Disorders associated with physical symptoms | 37 | |
| 13138992127 | Types of somatic disorders | -Somatic symptom disorder (somatic symptoms present) -Illness anxiety disorder (no somatic symptoms) -Conversion disorder | 38 | |
| 13138992128 | somatic symptom disorder | -obsessive thoughts about simple symptoms (that are present) | 39 | |
| 13138992129 | illness anxiety disorder (+AKA) | -being extremely worried over having a disease (with no symptoms) | 40 | |
| 13138992130 | conversion disorder | extreme physiological symptoms (paralysis, etc) due to psychological causes -cannot be explained by other disorders, neurological disorders or physiological causes | 41 | |
| 13138992131 | Symptoms conversion disorder + cause? | _weakness, tremors, paralysis, seizures, deafness -usually due to anxiety | 42 | |
| 13138992133 | dissociative amnesia | loss of personal information -not caused by physical injury/retrograde amnesia | 43 | |
| 13138992136 | dissociative identity disorder (DID) | 2 or more distinguished personality states | 44 | |
| 13138992139 | depersonalization | detachment from oneself | 45 | |
| 13138992140 | derealization | detachment from surroundings | 46 | |
| 13138992141 | Symptoms depersonalization/derealization | -Out of body experiences -Altered sense of time -Sensory distortion | 47 | |
| 13138992148 | autism spectrum disorder | impaired theory of mind + motor/language skills | 48 | |
| 13138992149 | Symptoms autism spectrum disorder | 1. Social issues 2. Fixated interests 3. Rigid routines 4. Repetitive behaviors | 49 | |
| 13138992151 | ADHD | -Attention deficit + hyperactive disorder -attention issues + hyperactivity | 50 | |
| 13138992152 | Symptoms of ADHD | -Attention issues: forgetfulness, planning, distraction -Hyperactivity: restlessness, fidgeting -Impulsivity | 51 | |
| 13138992155 | schizophrenia | failure to understand reality | 52 | |
| 13138992157 | Positive symptoms schizophrenia | 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized thought/speech 4. Catatonia |  | 53 |
| 13138992158 | dellusion | false beliefs | 54 | |
| 13138992167 | inappropriate effect | responding inappropriately to an event | 55 | |
| 13138992168 | Feeding + eating disorder types | -Pica -Binge eating disorder -Bulimia nervosa -Anorexia nervosa | 56 | |
| 13138992169 | pica | persistent eating of non food substances | 57 | |
| 13138992172 | binge eating disorder | episodes of repetitive eating in a short period of time (with no compensatory behavior) | 58 | |
| 13138992174 | bulimia nervosa | bingeing followed by compensation | 59 | |
| 13138992177 | anorexia nervosa | fear of weight gain leading to eating restrictions | 60 | |
| 13138992181 | Depressive disorder types | -Major depressive disorder -Seasonal affective disorder -Peripartum onset -Persistent depressive disorder | 61 | |
| 13138992182 | major depressive disorder | depressive episodes -every day -most of the day | 62 | |
| 13138992183 | Symptoms major depressive disorder | 1. Anhedonia 2. Sleep disturbances 3. Change of appetite 4. Feelings of worthlessness 5. Fatigue 6. Lower concentration 7. Irritability 8. Constant physical pain | 63 | |
| 13138992184 | Characteristics major depressive disorder | -Each episode increases chance of the next -Less suicide risk in extreme cases (bc of no motivation) | 64 | |
| 13138992185 | seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | depressive episodes with seasonal patterns | 65 | |
| 13138992186 | peripartum onset (postpartum depression) | depressive episodes during/after pregnancy | 66 | |
| 13138992188 | persistent depressive disorder | depressed mood -more days than not -most of the day -at least 2 years | 67 | |
| 13138992192 | manic episode | -Most of the day -Every day -For 1 week -Inflated self esteem, decreased need for sleep, goal directed activities (w potential consequences: ex. shopping spree) |  | 68 |
| 13138992195 | hypomanic episode | -Lasts 4 days -Less extreme than manic episode | 69 | |
| 13138992197 | cyclothymic disorder | -Short periods of mild depression and hypomania -Not as severe as BPD | 70 | |
| 13138992198 | personality disorder | abnormal behavior that is stable/resistant to change -person might not recognize them | 71 | |
| 13138992203 | paranoid personality disorder | distrust/suspicion of others | 72 | |
| 13138992204 | schizoid personality disorder | lack of interest in social relationships/pleasures in life | 73 | |
| 13138992205 | scizotypal personality disorder | -discomfort/anxiety in social settings -delusions + eccentric behavior | 74 | |
| 13138992206 | antisocial personality disorder | little understanding of social norms/remorse -don't care about other people at all | 75 | |
| 13138992207 | histrionic personality disorder | excessively attention seeking/emotional -want to be center of attention | 76 | |
| 13138992208 | narcissistic personality disorder | lack of empathy/excessive self esteem | 77 | |
| 13138992209 | borderline personality disorder | unstable moods/high impulsivity -self harm -very frightened from abandonment -caused by issues w relationships in the past | 78 | |
| 13138992210 | depedent personality disorder | excessively clingy/submissive -needing to be taken care of | 79 | |
| 13138992211 | avoidant personality disorder | -social fear -sensitivity to judgement/criticism/rejection -feeling of inferiority | 80 | |
| 13138992212 | Define obsessive compulsive personality disorder | obsession with orderliness | 81 | |
| 13138992214 | Which is the deadliest disorder? | Anorexia --> 6x increase in mortality (because of health) | 82 | |
| 13138992216 | DSM changes | 1. Mental retardation = intellectual disability 2. Asperger's + subsections = autism spectrum dis. 3. PTSD = trauma, not anxiety disorder 4. ODC = ocd, not anxiety disorder 5. Elimination of schizophrenia subsections 6. Removal of axial system | 83 | |
| 13138992218 | Cause anxiety disorders learning perspective | -Conditioning + observational learning -Fear generalization + reinforcement (of avoidant behavior) |  | 84 |
| 13138992219 | Cause anxiety disorders cognitive perspective | -Interpreting normal things as threatening |  | 85 |
| 13138992220 | Cause anxiety disorders biological perspective | -Genes -Amygdala -Hypothalamus (sympathetic NS) |  | 86 |
| 13138992233 | Most common category of disorder diagnosed | mood disorders | 87 | |
| 13138992234 | Who created the concept of rumination? | Nolen Hoeksema | 88 | |
| 13378422078 | rumination | repeatedly thinking and talking about past experiences; can contribute to depression | 89 |
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