AP Spanish Language Verbs Flashcards
What it says
Terms : Hide Images
| 6715677216 | Abastecer | to supply | 0 | |
| 6715677217 | Abrazar | to embrace | 1 | |
| 6715677218 | Acostumbrarse | to get used to | 2 | |
| 6715677219 | Adivinar | to guess | 3 | |
| 6715677220 | Advertir | to warn | 4 | |
| 6715677221 | Afianzarse | to fasten | 5 | |
| 6715677222 | Afligirse | to grieve | 6 | |
| 6715677223 | Agarrar | To grab | 7 | |
| 6715677224 | Agotarse | to run out | 8 | |
| 6715677225 | Aguantar | to tolerate | 9 | |
| 6715677226 | Alejarse | to move away | 10 | |
| 6715677227 | Alquilar | to rent | 11 | |
| 6715677228 | Amenazar | to threaten | 12 | |
| 6715677229 | Apoderarse | to seize | 13 | |
| 6715677230 | Aprovechar | to take advantage of | 14 | |
| 6715677231 | Arrepentirse | to repent | 15 | |
| 6715677232 | Arrojar | to throw | 16 | |
| 6715677233 | Asegurar | to ensure | 17 | |
| 6715677234 | Atropellar | to run over | 18 | |
| 6715677235 | Aumentar | to increase | 19 | |
| 6715677236 | Brotar | to sprout | 20 | |
| 6715677237 | Calentar | to heat | 21 | |
| 6715677238 | Capturar | to capture | 22 | |
| 6715677239 | Carecer | to lack | 23 | |
| 6715677240 | Cazar | to hunt | 24 | |
| 6715677241 | Ceder | to yield | 25 | |
| 6715677242 | Combatir | to combat | 26 | |
| 6715677243 | Compartir | to share | 27 | |
| 6715677244 | Comprobar | to prove | 28 | |
| 6715677245 | Confiar | to trust | 29 | |
| 6715677246 | Convertirse | to turn into | 30 | |
| 6715677247 | Criar | to raise | 31 | |
| 6715677248 | Cumplir | to comply | 32 | |
| 6715677249 | Debilitar | to weaken | 33 | |
| 6715677250 | Demandar | to sue | 34 | |
| 6715677251 | Derrotar | to defeat | 35 | |
| 6715677252 | Derrumbarse | to collapse | 36 | |
| 6715677253 | Desarrollar | to develop | 37 | |
| 6715677254 | Desempeñar | to play | 38 | |
| 6715677255 | Desgastar | to wear out | 39 | |
| 6715677256 | Desilusionar | to disappoint | 40 | |
| 6715677257 | Deslizar | to slide | 41 | |
| 6715677258 | Despejarse | to clear up | 42 | |
| 6715677259 | Desplazarse | to travel | 43 | |
| 6715677260 | Desprenderse | to take off | 44 | |
| 6715677261 | Destacarse | to stand out | 45 | |
| 6715677262 | Devolver | to return | 46 | |
| 6715677263 | Disparar | to shoot | 47 | |
| 6715677264 | Echar | to throw | 48 | |
| 6715677265 | Emocionarse | to get excited | 49 | |
| 6715677266 | Empacar | to pack | 50 | |
| 6715677267 | Empeorar | to worsen | 51 | |
| 6715677268 | Empujar | to push | 52 | |
| 6715677269 | Enamorarse de Encerrarse | to fall in love | 53 | |
| 6715677270 | Enfrentarse | to face | 54 | |
| 6715677271 | Enterarse | to find out | 55 | |
| 6715677272 | Entrenar | to train | 56 | |
| 6715677273 | Entrevistar | to interview | 57 | |
| 6715677274 | Esforzarse | to strive | 58 | |
| 6715677275 | Esparcir | to spread | 59 | |
| 6715677276 | Evitar | to avoid | 60 | |
| 6715677277 | Exigir | to require | 61 | |
| 6715677278 | Florecer | to flourish | 62 | |
| 6715677279 | Fomentar | to promote | 63 | |
| 6715677280 | Fortalecer | to strengthen | 64 | |
| 6715677281 | Gozar | to enjoy | 65 | |
| 6715677282 | Helar | to freeze | 66 | |
| 6715677283 | Impedir | to prevent | 67 | |
| 6715677284 | Imponer | to impose | 68 | |
| 6715677285 | Indagar | to inquire | 69 | |
| 6715677286 | Inscribirse | to register | 70 | |
| 6715677287 | Invertir | to invest | 71 | |
| 6715677288 | Jubilarse | to retire | 72 | |
| 6715677289 | Lastimarse/Lesionar | to be injured | 73 | |
| 6715677290 | Mejorar | to improve | 74 | |
| 6715677291 | Permanecer | to remain | 75 | |
| 6715677292 | Perseguir | to pursue | 76 | |
| 6715677293 | Prevenir | to prevent | 77 | |
| 6715677294 | Quejarse | to complain | 78 | |
| 6715677295 | Reclamar | to claim | 79 | |
| 6715677296 | Remontarse | to go back in time | 80 | |
| 6715677297 | Rendir/Rendirse | to surrender | 81 | |
| 6715677298 | Reposar | to rest | 82 | |
| 6715677299 | Reprobar | to fail | 83 | |
| 6715677300 | Reginarse | to resign | 84 | |
| 6715677301 | Sobrar | to be left over | 85 | |
| 6715677302 | Sobresalir | to excel | 86 | |
| 6715677303 | Sobrevivir | to survive | 87 | |
| 6715677304 | Solicitar | to request | 88 | |
| 6715677305 | Solucionar | to solve | 89 | |
| 6715677306 | Sonar | to dream | 90 | |
| 6715677307 | Soplar | to blow | 91 | |
| 6715677308 | Soportar | to tolerate | 92 | |
| 6715677309 | Sostener | to hold | 93 | |
| 6715677310 | Subastar | to auction | 94 | |
| 6715677311 | Tallar | to carve | 95 | |
| 6715677312 | Tambalearse | to stagger | 96 | |
| 6715677313 | Trasladarse | to move | 97 | |
| 6715677314 | Triunfar | to succeed | 98 | |
| 6715677315 | Tropezarse | to trip | 99 | |
| 6715677316 | Turbar | to disturb | 100 | |
| 6715677317 | Velar | to guard | 101 | |
| 6715677318 | Vislumbrar | to glimpse | 102 |
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AP World History Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7291202100 | Bantu | African peoples that originally lived in what is now Nigeria the Bantu had a linguistic influence among others |  | 0 |
| 7291202101 | Cataracts | are/is a descent of water over a steep surface, such as a waterfall, especially one of considerable size distinctly formed the Egyptian region; specifically in regards to the first determined the boundary line between the Egyptian and Nubian territory |  | 1 |
| 7291202102 | Demographic Pressures | things such as human populations, including their size, growth, density, and distribution which affect or "pressure" their environment early Egyptians placed this on the Nile River because the lack of water in the dry, arid climate |  | 2 |
| 7291202103 | Hieratic | of or in the ancient Egyptian writing of hieroglyphics used by priests. made hieroglyphics |  | 3 |
| 7291202104 | Hieroglyphics | ancient Egyptian written language. helped uncover much of their lost culture and how it developed |  | 4 |
| 7291202105 | Hyksos | invaders who seized the Nile delta and played a big role in the end of Egyptian Middle Kingdom brought and end to the Egyptian Middle Kingdom |  | 5 |
| 7291202106 | "Kingdoms" | a country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen. many kingdoms existed as a result of Egypt and Nubia. |  | 6 |
| 7291202107 | Menes | an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the early dynastic period, united Upper and Lower Egypt, is the founder of the first dynasty the 1st Pharaoh of Egypt to extend his reign from lower to upper Egypt, created the city Memphis, which was a capital between the two regions and binded them together |  | 7 |
| 7291202108 | Mercenary | a professional hired to serve in a foreign army many Nubian men became mercenaries in the Egyptian military forces, and often intermarried with Egyptian women, further binding their societies |  | 8 |
| 7291202109 | Merotic | language developed by the Kushites came from Egyptian hieroglyphics |  | 9 |
| 7291202110 | Mummification | the process of preserving a diseased body, by a process of embalming and drying bodies and tomb that were discovered have brought many insights into the ways and traditional culture of early Egyptians |  | 10 |
| 7291202111 | Osiris | ancient Egyptian god that represent the forces of nature. highly worshipped god of Ancient Egypt |  | 11 |
| 7291202112 | Pharoah | Egyptian kings considered to be gods on earth through the authority of Pharaohs, Egypt became an iconic figure of the ancient times, commanded amazing architectural and technological advancements |  | 12 |
| 7291202113 | Pyramids | Quadrilateral tombs for Ancient Egyptian peoples and Pharaoh the construction showed signs of improved architecture and enforcement of labor |  | 13 |
| 7291202114 | Savanna | a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees during the dramatic climate change in early African development, the Savannah grassland throughout the continent dried up in to the Sahara and other arid deserts, this made Africans cluster around certain water sources. |  | 14 |
| 7291202115 | Scribe | a person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was a common occupation of women under a patriarchal system, one of the few ways to record important information | 15 |
AP psychology chapter 2 Flashcards
research methods
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| 7401047778 | scientific method | a series of steps that scientists use to answer questions and solve problems |  | 0 |
| 7401047779 | empirical investigation | an approach to research that relies on sensory experience and observation as research data | 1 | |
| 7401047780 | theory | a testable explanation for a set of facts | 2 | |
| 7401047781 | hypothesis | possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question | 3 | |
| 7401047782 | operational definitions | clear, precise definitions and instructions about how to observe and measure concepts and variables | 4 | |
| 7401047783 | independent variable | the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied |  | 5 |
| 7401047784 | random presentation | a process by which chance alone determines the order in which the stimulus is presented | 6 | |
| 7401047785 | data | a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn |  | 7 |
| 7401047786 | dependent variable | the variable that is measured in an experiment |  | 8 |
| 7401047787 | replicate | reproduce; duplicate | 9 | |
| 7401047788 | experiment | A set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis |  | 10 |
| 7401047789 | confounding variables | factors that cause differences between the experimental group and the control group other than the independent variable | 11 | |
| 7401047790 | controls | constraints that the experimenter places on the experiment to ensure that each subject has the exact same conditions |  | 12 |
| 7401047791 | random assignment | Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups. | 13 | |
| 7401047792 | ex post facto | Research in which we choose subjects based on a pre-existing condition. | 14 | |
| 7401047793 | correlational study | a research project designed to discover the degree to which two variables are related to each other |  | 15 |
| 7401047794 | survey | a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them |  | 16 |
| 7401047795 | naturalistic observation | observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation |  | 17 |
| 7401047796 | longitudinal study | research method in which data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development | 18 | |
| 7401047797 | cross sectional study | research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age | 19 | |
| 7401047798 | cohort sequential study | A research method in which a cross section of the population is chosen and then each cohort is followed for a short period of time. | 20 | |
| 7401047799 | personal bias | the researcher allowing personal beliefs to affect the outcome of a study | 21 | |
| 7401047800 | expectancy bias | the researcher allowing his or her expectations to affect the outcome of a study | 22 | |
| 7401047801 | double blind study | an experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo |  | 23 |
| 7401047802 | institutional review board | a committee at each institution where research is conducted to review every experiment for ethics and methodology | 24 | |
| 7401047803 | institutional animal care and use committee | a committee at each institution where research is conducted to review every experiment involving animals for ethics and methodology | 25 | |
| 7401047804 | frequency distribution | ..., An arrangement of data that indicates how often a particular score or observation occurs. | 26 | |
| 7401047805 | histogram | a bar graph that shows the frequency of data within equal intervals |  | 27 |
| 7401047806 | descriptive statistics | statistical procedures used to describe characteristics and responses of groups of subjects | 28 | |
| 7401047807 | mean | the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores |  | 29 |
| 7401047808 | median | The middle number in a set of numbers that are listed in order | 30 | |
| 7401047809 | mode | The number that occurs most often in a set of data | 31 | |
| 7401047810 | standard deviation | a measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean |  | 32 |
| 7401047811 | normal distribution | a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (68% fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer near the extremes |  | 33 |
| 7401047812 | correlation | a reciprocal relation between two or more sets of data |  | 34 |
| 7401047813 | correlation coefficient | A statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other | 35 | |
| 7401047814 | inferential statistics | set of mathematical procedures that help researchers learn if their research data reflects a true relationship or could be due to random chance | 36 | |
| 7401047815 | random sample | a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. | 37 | |
| 7401047816 | representative sample | a sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population as a whole | 38 | |
| 7401047817 | significant difference | in an experiment, a difference that is unlikely to have occurred because of chance alone and is inferred to be most likely due to the systematic manipulations of variables by the researcher | 39 |
AP Psychology AP Review ?? Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10520754295 | psychology | the study of behavior and mental processes | 0 | |
| 10520754296 | psychology's biggest question | Which is more important in determining behavior, nature or nurture? | 1 | |
| 10520754297 | psychology's three levels of analysis | biopsychosocial approach (looks at the biological, psychological, and social-cultural approaches together) | 2 | |
| 10520754298 | biological approach | genetics, close-relatives, body functions | 3 | |
| 10520754299 | evolutionary approach | species - helped with survival (ancestors) | 4 | |
| 10520754300 | psychodynamic approach | (Freud) subconscious, repressed feelings, unfulfilled wishes | 5 | |
| 10520754301 | behavioral approach | learning (classical and operant) observed | 6 | |
| 10520754302 | cognitive approach | thinking affects behavior | 7 | |
| 10520754303 | humanistic approach | becoming a better human (behavior, acceptance) | 8 | |
| 10520754304 | social-cultural approach | cultural, family, environment | 9 | |
| 10520754305 | two reasons of why experiments are important | hindsight bias + overconfidence | 10 | |
| 10520754306 | types of research methods | descriptive, correlational, and experimental | 11 | |
| 10520754307 | descriptive methods | case study survey naturalistic observation (DON'T SHOW CAUSE/EFFECT) | 12 | |
| 10520754308 | case study | studies one person in depth may not be typical of population | 13 | |
| 10520754309 | survey | studies lots of people not in depth | 14 | |
| 10520754310 | naturalistic observation | observe + write facts without interference | 15 | |
| 10520754311 | correlational method | shows relation, but not cause/effect scatterplots show research | 16 | |
| 10520754312 | correlation coefficient | + 1.0 (both increase) 0 (no correlation - 1.0 (one increases, other decreases) | 17 | |
| 10520754313 | experimental method | does show cause and effect | 18 | |
| 10520754314 | population | type of people who are going to be used in experiment | 19 | |
| 10520754315 | sample | actual people who will be used (randomness reduces bias) | 20 | |
| 10520754316 | random assignment | chance selection between experimental and control groups | 21 | |
| 10520754317 | control group | not receiving experimental treatment receives placebo | 22 | |
| 10520754318 | experimental group | receiving treatment/drug | 23 | |
| 10520754319 | independent variable | drug/procedure/treatment | 24 | |
| 10520754320 | dependent variable | outcome of using the drug/treatment | 25 | |
| 10520754321 | confounding variable | can affect dependent variable beyond experiment's control | 26 | |
| 10520754322 | scientific method | theory hypothesis operational definition revision | 27 | |
| 10520754323 | theory | general idea being tested | 28 | |
| 10520754324 | hypothesis | measurable/specific | 29 | |
| 10520754325 | operational definition | procedures that explain components | 30 | |
| 10520754326 | mode | appears the most | 31 | |
| 10520754327 | mean | average | 32 | |
| 10520754328 | median | middle | 33 | |
| 10520754329 | range | highest - lowest | 34 | |
| 10520754330 | standard deviation | how scores vary around the mean | 35 | |
| 10520754331 | central tendency | single score that represents the whole | 36 | |
| 10520754332 | bell curve | (natural curve) |  | 37 |
| 10520754333 | ethics of testing on animals | need to be treated humanly basically similar to humans | 38 | |
| 10520754334 | ethics of testing on humans | consent debriefing no unnecessary discomfort/pain confidentiality | 39 | |
| 10520754335 | sensory neurons | travel from sensory receptors to brain | 40 | |
| 10520754336 | motor neurons | travel from brain to "motor" workings | 41 | |
| 10520754337 | interneurons | (in brain and spinal cord) connecting motor and sensory neurons | 42 | |
| 10520754530 | neuron |  | 43 | |
| 10520754338 | dendrites | receive messages from other neurons | 44 | |
| 10520754339 | myelin sheath | protects the axon | 45 | |
| 10520754340 | axon | where charges travel from cell body to axon terminal | 46 | |
| 10520754341 | neurotransmitters | chemical messengers | 47 | |
| 10520754342 | reuptake | extra neurotransmitters are taken back | 48 | |
| 10520754343 | excitatory charge | "Let's do it!" | 49 | |
| 10520754344 | inhibitory charge | "Let's not do it!" | 50 | |
| 10520754345 | central nervous system | brain and spinal cord | 51 | |
| 10520754346 | peripheral nervous system | somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system | 52 | |
| 10520754347 | somatic nervous system | voluntary movements | 53 | |
| 10520754348 | autonomic nervous system | involuntary movements (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) | 54 | |
| 10520754349 | sympathetic nervous system | arousing | 55 | |
| 10520754350 | parasympathetic nervous system | calming | 56 | |
| 10520754351 | neural networks | more connections form with greater use others fall away if not used | 57 | |
| 10520754352 | spinal cord | expressway of information bypasses brain when reflexes involved | 58 | |
| 10520754353 | endocrine system | slow uses hormones in the blood system | 59 | |
| 10520754354 | master gland | pituitary gland | 60 | |
| 10520754355 | brainstem | extension of the spinal cord responsible for automatic survival | 61 | |
| 10520754356 | reticular formation (if stimulated) | sleeping subject wakes up | 62 | |
| 10520754357 | reticular formation (if damaged) | coma | 63 | |
| 10520754358 | brainstem (if severed) | still move (without purpose) | 64 | |
| 10520754359 | thalamus | sensory switchboard (does not process smell) | 65 | |
| 10520754360 | hypothalamus | basic behaviors (hunger, thirst, sex, blood chemistry) | 66 | |
| 10520754361 | cerebellum | nonverbal memory, judge time, balance emotions, coordinate movements | 67 | |
| 10520754362 | cerebellum (if damaged) | difficulty walking and coordinating | 68 | |
| 10520754363 | amygdala | aggression, fear, and memory associated with these emotions | 69 | |
| 10520754364 | amygdala (if lesioned) | subject is mellow | 70 | |
| 10520754365 | amygdala (if stimulated) | aggressive | 71 | |
| 10520754366 | hippocampus | process new memory | 72 | |
| 10520754367 | cerebrum | two large hemispheres perceiving, thinking, and processing | 73 | |
| 10520754368 | cerebral cortex | only in higher life forms | 74 | |
| 10520754369 | association areas | integrate and interpret information | 75 | |
| 10520754370 | glial cells | provide nutrients to myelin sheath marks intelligence higher proportion of glial cells to neurons | 76 | |
| 10520754371 | frontal lobe | judgement, personality, processing (Phineas Gage accident) | 77 | |
| 10520754372 | parietal lobe | math and spatial reasoning | 78 | |
| 10520754373 | temporal lobe | audition and recognizing faces | 79 | |
| 10520754374 | occipital lobe | vision | 80 | |
| 10520754375 | corpus callosum | split in the brain to stop hyper-communication (eliminate epileptic seizures) | 81 | |
| 10520754376 | Wernicke's area | interprets auditory and hearing | 82 | |
| 10520754377 | Broca's area | speaking words | 83 | |
| 10520754378 | plasticity | ability to adapt if damaged | 84 | |
| 10520754379 | sensation | what our senses tell us | 85 | |
| 10520754380 | bottom-up processing | senses to brain | 86 | |
| 10520754381 | perception | what our brain tells us to do with that information | 87 | |
| 10520754382 | top-down processing | brain to senses | 88 | |
| 10520754383 | inattentional blindness | fail to "gorilla" because attention is elsewhere | 89 | |
| 10520754384 | cocktail party effect | even with tons of stimuli, we are able to pick out our name, etc. | 90 | |
| 10520754385 | change blindness | giving directions and person is changed and we don't notice | 91 | |
| 10520754386 | choice blindness | when defending the choice we make, we fail to notice choice was changed | 92 | |
| 10520754387 | absolute threshold | minimum stimulation needed in order to notice 50% of the time | 93 | |
| 10520754388 | signal detection theory | we notice what is more important to us (rather hear a baby crying) | 94 | |
| 10520754389 | JND (just noticeable difference) | (Weber's law) difference between different stimuli noticed in proportion | 95 | |
| 10520754390 | sensory adaptation | tired of noticing (Brain says, "Been there, done that. Next?" | 96 | |
| 10520754391 | rods | night time | 97 | |
| 10520754392 | cones | color | 98 | |
| 10520754393 | parallel processing | notice color, form, depth, movement, etc. | 99 | |
| 10520754394 | Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | 3 corresponding color receptors (RGB) | 100 | |
| 10520754395 | Hering's opponent-process theory | after image in opposite colors (RG, YB, WB) | 101 | |
| 10520754396 | trichromatic + opponent-process | Young-Helmholtz -> color stimuli Hering -> en route to cortex | 102 | |
| 10520754397 | frequency we hear most | human voice | 103 | |
| 10520754398 | Helmoltz (hearing) | we hear different pitches in different places in basilar membrane (high pitches) | 104 | |
| 10520754399 | frequency theory | impulse frequency (low pitches) | 105 | |
| 10520754400 | Helmholtz + frequency theory | middle pitches | 106 | |
| 10520754401 | Skin feels what? | warmth, cold, pressure, pain | 107 | |
| 10520754402 | gate-control theory | small fibers - pain large fibers - other senses | 108 | |
| 10520754403 | memory of pain | peaks and ends | 109 | |
| 10520754404 | smell | close to memory section (not in thalamus) | 110 | |
| 10520754405 | grouping | Gestalt make sense of pieces create a whole | 111 | |
| 10520754406 | grouping groups | proximity similarity continuity connectedness closure | 112 | |
| 10520754407 | make assumptions of placement | higher - farther smaller - farther blocking - closer, in front | 113 | |
| 10520754408 | perception = | mood + motivation | 114 | |
| 10520754409 | consciousness | awareness of ourselves and the environment | 115 | |
| 10520754410 | circadian rhythm | daily biological clock and regular cycle (sleep and awake) | 116 | |
| 10520754411 | circadian rhythm pattern | - activated by light - light sensitive retinal proteins signal brains SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) - pineal gland decreases melatonin | 117 | |
| 10520754412 | What messes with circadian rhythm? | artificial light | 118 | |
| 10520754413 | The whole sleep cycle lasts how long? | 90 minutes | 119 | |
| 10520754414 | sleep stages | relaxed stage (alpha waves) stage 1 (early sleep) (hallucinations) stage 2 (sleep spindles - bursts of activity) (sleep talk) stage 3 (transition phase) (delta waves) stage 4 (delta waves) (sleepwalk/talk + wet the bed) stage 5 (REM) (sensory-rich dreams) (paradoxical sleep) | 120 | |
| 10520754415 | purpose of sleep | 1. recuperation - repair neurons and allow unused neural connections to wither 2. making memories 3. body growth (children sleep more) | 121 | |
| 10520754416 | insomnia | can't sleep | 122 | |
| 10520754417 | narcolepsy | fall asleep anywhere at anytime | 123 | |
| 10520754418 | sleep apnea | stop breathing in sleep | 124 | |
| 10520754419 | night terrors | prevalent in children | 125 | |
| 10520754420 | sleepwalking/sleeptalking | hereditary - prevalent in children | 126 | |
| 10520754421 | dreaming (3) | 1. vivid bizarre intense sensory experiences 2. carry fear/survival issues - vestiges of ancestors' survival ideas 2. replay previous day's experiences/worries | 127 | |
| 10520754422 | purpose of dreaming (5 THEORIES) | 1. physiological function - develop/preserve neural pathways 2. Freud's wish-fulfillment (manifest/latent content) 3. activation synthesis - make sense of stimulation originating in brain 4. information processing 5. cognitive development - reflective of intelligence | 128 | |
| 10520754423 | 1. Can hypnosis bring you back in time? 2. Can hypnosis make you do things you wouldn't normally do? 3. Can it alleviate pain? 4. What state are you in during hypnosis? 5. Who is more susceptible? | 1. cannot take you back in time 2. cannot make you do things you won't do 3. can alleviate pain 4. fully conscious ((IMAGINATIVE PEOPLE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE)) | 129 | |
| 10520754424 | depressants | slows neural pathways | 130 | |
| 10520754425 | alcohol | ((depressant)) disrupts memory formation (REM) lowers inhibition expectancy effect | 131 | |
| 10520754426 | barbituates (tranquilizers) | ((depressant)) reduce anxiety | 132 | |
| 10520754427 | opiates | ((depressant)) pleasure reduce anxiety/pain | 133 | |
| 10520754428 | stimulants | hypes neural processing | 134 | |
| 10520754429 | methamphetamine | ((stimulant)) heightens energy euphoria affects dopamine | 135 | |
| 10520754430 | caffeine | ((stimulant)) | 136 | |
| 10520754431 | nicotine | ((stimulant)) CNS releases neurotransmitters calm anxiety reduce pain affects (nor)epinephrine and dopamine | 137 | |
| 10520754432 | cocaine | ((stimulant)) euphoria affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine | 138 | |
| 10520754433 | hallucinogen | excites neural activity | 139 | |
| 10520754434 | ecstasy | ((hallucinogen)) reuptake is blocked affects dopamine and serotonin | 140 | |
| 10520754435 | LSD | ((hallucinogen)) affects sensory/emotional "trip" (+/-) affects serotonin | 141 | |
| 10520754436 | marijuana | ((hallucinogen)) amplify sensory experience disrupts memory formation | 142 | |
| 10520754437 | learning | organism changing behavior due to experience (association of events) | 143 | |
| 10520754438 | types of learning | classical operant observational | 144 | |
| 10520754439 | famous classical psychologists | Pavlov and Watson | 145 | |
| 10520754440 | famous operant psychologist | Skinner | 146 | |
| 10520754441 | famous observational psychologists | Bandura | 147 | |
| 10520754442 | classical conditioning | outside stimulus | 148 | |
| 10520754443 | Pavlov's experiment | Step 1: US (food) -> UR (salivation) Step 2: NS (bell) -> US (food) -> UR (salivation) Later... CS (bell) -> CR (salivation) | 149 | |
| 10520754444 | Watson's experiment | white rat was given to Little Albert Step 1: US (noise) -> UR (cry) Step 2: NS (rat) -> US (noise) -> UR (cry) Later... CS (rat) -> CR (cry) | 150 | |
| 10520754445 | generalization | any small, white fluffy creature will make Albert cry now | 151 | |
| 10520754446 | discriminate | any large, white fluffy creature won't make Albert cry | 152 | |
| 10520754447 | extinction | stop "treating" with conditioned response | 153 | |
| 10520754448 | spontaneous recovery | bring stimulus back after a while | 154 | |
| 10520754449 | operant conditioning | control by organism | 155 | |
| 10520754450 | Skinner's experiment | operant chamber / Skinner box (lead to shaping) | 156 | |
| 10520754451 | shaping | get animal closer to doing what you want them to do | 157 | |
| 10520754452 | reinforcers | want to continue behavior (positive reinforcement: give money to do laundry) (negative reinforcement: do to avoid nagging) | 158 | |
| 10520754453 | punishments | want to stop behavior (positive reinforcement: smack) (negative reinforcement: take away phone) | 159 | |
| 10520754454 | fixed ratio | happens a certain number of times (Starbucks punch card) | 160 | |
| 10520754455 | variable ratio | happens an unpredictable number of times (winning the lottery) | 161 | |
| 10520754456 | organism must do these (2 times) | fixed ratio and variable ratio | 162 | |
| 10520754457 | fixed interval | happens at a certain time (mailman comes to the house at 10:00 AM) | 163 | |
| 10520754458 | variable interval | happens at any time (receive texts from friends) | 164 | |
| 10520754459 | these things happen regardless (2 times) | fixed interval and variable interval | 165 | |
| 10520754460 | Which (fixed/variable) conditions better? | variable | 166 | |
| 10520754461 | criticisms of Skinner | doesn't take into account intrinsic motivation | 167 | |
| 10520754462 | intrinsic motivation | doing something for yourself, not the reward | 168 | |
| 10520754463 | extrinsic motivation | doing something for reward | 169 | |
| 10520754464 | Skinner's legacy | use it personally, at school, and at work | 170 | |
| 10520754465 | famous observational experiment | Bandura's Bobo doll | 171 | |
| 10520754466 | famous observational psychologist | Bandura | 172 | |
| 10520754467 | mirror neurons | "feel" what is observed happens in higher order animals | 173 | |
| 10520754468 | Bobo doll experiment legacy | violent video games/movies desensitize us see good: do good see evil: do evil | 174 | |
| 10520754469 | observational learning | biological behaviors work best | 175 | |
| 10520754470 | habituation | get used to it -> stop reacting | 176 | |
| 10520754471 | examples for observational learning | lectures and reading | 177 | |
| 10520754472 | serotonin involved with memory | speeds the connection between neurons | 178 | |
| 10520754473 | LTP | ((long-term potentiation)) strengthens potential neural forming (associated with speed) | 179 | |
| 10520754474 | CREB | protein that can switch genes on/off with memory and connection of memories | 180 | |
| 10520754475 | glutamate involved with memory | neurotransmitter that enhances LTP | 181 | |
| 10520754476 | glucose involved with memory | released during strong emotions ((signaling important event to be remembered)) | 182 | |
| 10520754477 | flashbulb memory | type of memory remembered because it was an important/quick moment | 183 | |
| 10520754478 | amygdala (memory) | boosts activity of proteins in memory-forming areas to fight/flight | 184 | |
| 10520754479 | cerebellum (memory) | forms and stores implicit memories ((classical conditioning)) | 185 | |
| 10520754480 | hippocampus (memory) | active during sleep (forming memories) ((information "moves" after 48 hours)) | 186 | |
| 10520754481 | memory | learning over time contains information that can be retrieved | 187 | |
| 10520754482 | processing stages | encoding -> storage -> retrieval | 188 | |
| 10520754483 | encoding | information going in | 189 | |
| 10520754484 | storage | keeping information in | 190 | |
| 10520754485 | retrieval | taking information out | 191 | |
| 10520754486 | How long is sensory memory stored? | seconds | 192 | |
| 10520754487 | How long is short-term memory stored? | less than a minute | 193 | |
| 10520754488 | How many bits of information is stored in short-term memory? | 7 | 194 | |
| 10520754489 | How many chunks of information is stored in short-term memory? | 4 | 195 | |
| 10520754490 | How many seconds of words is stored in short-term memory? | 2 | 196 | |
| 10520754491 | short term memory goes to ______________ | working memory | 197 | |
| 10520754492 | working memory | make a connection and process information to mean something | 198 | |
| 10520754493 | working memory goes to _________________ | long-term memory | 199 | |
| 10520754494 | How much is stored in long-term memory? | LIMITLESS | 200 | |
| 10520754495 | implicit memory | naturally do | 201 | |
| 10520754496 | explicit memory | need to explain | 202 | |
| 10520754497 | automatic processing | space, time, frequency, well-learned information | 203 | |
| 10520754498 | effortful processing | processing that requires effort | 204 | |
| 10520754499 | spacing effect | spread out learning over time | 205 | |
| 10520754500 | serial position effect | primary/recency effect | 206 | |
| 10520754501 | primary effect | remember the first things in a list | 207 | |
| 10520754502 | recency effect | remember the last things in a list | 208 | |
| 10520754503 | effortful processing (4 things) | 1. recency effect 2. spacing effect 3. testing effect 4. serial position effect | 209 | |
| 10520754504 | semantic encoding (1) meaning (2) how to | make meaning out of something --- chunk, hierarchy, or connect to you | 210 | |
| 10520754505 | if we can't remember a memory... | 1. change memory to suit us 2. fill in the blanks with logical story | 211 | |
| 10520754506 | misinformation effect | not correct information | 212 | |
| 10520754507 | imagination inflation | imagine or visualize something that isn't real | 213 | |
| 10520754508 | source amnesia | what is the truth? (is it a dream, story, memory, etc.?) | 214 | |
| 10520754509 | priming | association (setting you up) | 215 | |
| 10520754510 | context | environment helps with memory | 216 | |
| 10520754511 | state-dependency | you may remember something if you go back to the state you were in (go back to high) | 217 | |
| 10520754512 | mood-congruency | emotion will bring back similar emotional memories | 218 | |
| 10520754513 | forgetting curve | forget after 5 days forget after 5 years | 219 | |
| 10520754514 | the forgetting curve was created by | Ebbinghaus | 220 | |
| 10520754515 | proactive interference | old information interferes with the new | 221 | |
| 10520754516 | retroactive interference | new information interferes with the old | 222 | |
| 10520754517 | children can't remember before age __ | 3 | 223 | |
| 10520754518 | Loftus | connected to abuse cases/childhood | 224 | |
| 10520754519 | prototypes | generalize | 225 | |
| 10520754520 | problem-solving (4) | trial + error algorithms heuristic (representative + availability) insight - "AHA!" | 226 | |
| 10520754521 | against problem-solving | fixation | 227 | |
| 10520754522 | mental set | what has worked in the past | 228 | |
| 10520754523 | functional fixedness | only way to do this is with this | 229 | |
| 10520754524 | Chomsky (nature or nurture?) | "born with language" (nature) | 230 | |
| 10520754525 | Skinner (nature or nurture?) | language is learned (nurture) | 231 | |
| 10520754526 | grammar is _________ | universal | 232 | |
| 10520754527 | phonemes | smallest sound unit | 233 | |
| 10520754528 | morphemes | smallest meaning unit | 234 |
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