| 10871466067 | ionic bond | bond resulting from a transfer of electrons |  | 0 |
| 10871466068 | covalent bond | bond resulting from the sharing of electrons |  | 1 |
| 10871466069 | nonpolar | electrons shared equally between atoms |  | 2 |
| 10871466070 | polar | electrons shared unequally |  | 3 |
| 10871466073 | isomer | organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structure | | 4 |
| 10871466074 | structural isomer | isomer differing in the arrangement of atoms | | 5 |
| 10871466075 | geometric isomer | isomer differing in the spacial arrangement of double bonds | | 6 |
| 10871466076 | optical isomers | isomers that are mirror images of each other | | 7 |
| 10871466077 | enantiomer | synonym for optical isomer | | 8 |
| 10871466078 | monosaccharide | C6H12O6 simple sugar; glucose, galactose, and fructose; building blocks of carbs |  | 9 |
| 10871466079 | disaccharide | two monosaccharides joined together; C12H22O1; maltose, lactose, and sucrose |  | 10 |
| 10871466080 | dehydration synthesis | condensation; joining compounds together with water released |  | 11 |
| 10871466081 | hydrolysis | breakdown of a compound by adding water |  | 12 |
| 10871466082 | polysaccharide | polymers of carbohydrates; large sugars; starch, cellulose |  | 13 |
| 10871466083 | cellulose | structural polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls | | 14 |
| 10871466084 | starch | storage polysaccharide found in plants | | 15 |
| 10871466087 | chitin | structural polysaccharide found in animals; makes up the exoskeleton in arthropods; cell walls of fungal cells | | 16 |
| 10871466088 | glycogen | storage polysaccharide, animal starch that in humans is stored in the liver and the skeletal muscle | | 17 |
| 10871466089 | glycerol | alcohol portion of a lipid, creates the backbone of triglycerides and connects the 3 fatty acid chains | | 18 |
| 10871466090 | fatty acid | hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end | | 19 |
| 10871466091 | saturated fat | fat without double bonds; straight chain, solid, butter |  | 20 |
| 10871466092 | unsaturated fat | fat with double bonds; kinky chain, liquid, oils | | 21 |
| 10871466093 | steroid | lipid with a four fused ring structure; cholesterol and testosterone |  | 22 |
| 10871466094 | peptide bond | bond found between amino acids in a protein molecule |  | 23 |
| 10871466095 | conformation | protein's unique shape that determines its function | | 24 |
| 10871466096 | primary structure | linear sequence of amino acids in a protein |  | 25 |
| 10871466097 | secondary structure | protein formed with hydrogen bonds; alpha vs. beta |  | 26 |
| 10871466098 | tertiary structure | 3D conformation of a protein; determines specificity |  | 27 |
| 10871466099 | quaternary structure | protein with more than one polypeptide chain; hemoglobin has 4 |  | 28 |
| 10871466100 | alpha helix | secondary structure form of a protein; human hair (keratin) |  | 29 |
| 10871466101 | beta pleated sheet | secondary structure form of a protein; spider webs and silk |  | 30 |
| 10871466102 | fibrous proteins | proteins that exhibit secondary structure only; wool, claws, beaks, reptile scales, collagen, and ligaments | | 31 |
| 10871466103 | heme group | one of four polypeptide chains in the quaternary structure of hemoglobin |  | 32 |
| 10871466105 | chaperone proteins | molecules that assist in folding other proteins |  | 33 |
| 10871466106 | functional group | components of organic molecules most often involved in chemical reactions |  | 34 |
| 10871466108 | catabolism | reaction that breaks down molecules, releases energy |  | 35 |
| 10871466109 | anabolism | reaction that creates molecules, uses energy |  | 36 |
| 10871466110 | enzyme | catalytic protein that lowers a reaction's energy of activation | | 37 |
| 10871466112 | cofactor | inorganic enzyme assist | | 38 |
| 10871466113 | coenzyme | organic enzyme assist (vitamins) | | 39 |
| 10871466114 | competitive inhibition | compounds that look like the normal substrate COMPETE for the same active site on the enzyme | | 40 |
| 10871466115 | noncompetitive inhibition | more than one active site on enzymes and the substrates do not look like each other | | 41 |
| 10871466116 | allosteric inhibition | two active sites on enzymes, one for a substrate and one for an inhibitor | | 42 |
| 10871466117 | feedback inhibition | metabolic pathway is switched off by the end product; allosteric inhibition | | 43 |
| 10871466119 | cohesion | capacity to resist tension to rupture; attraction between LIKE molecules |  | 44 |
| 10871466120 | alkaline | synonym for basic | | 45 |
| 10871466121 | salt | a compound that releases ions other than H+ or OH- when dissolved in water | | 46 |
| 10871466122 | phosphorylation | any phosphate group transfer between molecules | | 47 |
| 10871466124 | polymer | long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together |  | 48 |
| 10871466125 | monomer | building block for polymers; only made by producers; we digest food into these |  | 49 |
| 10871466126 | adhesion | attraction between different kinds of molecules | | 50 |
| 10871466127 | surface tension | measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid |  | 51 |
| 10871466128 | van der Waals interactions | VERY weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations |  | 52 |
| 10871466131 | hydration shell | sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion; opposites attract |  | 53 |
| 10871466136 | glycosodic linkage | covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration synthesis reaction |  | 54 |
| 10871466137 | nucleotide | building block of a nucleic acid; five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogen base and a phosphate group |  | 55 |
| 10871466138 | pyramidine | ONE RINGED nucleotide; cytosine, thymine, and uracil; six-membered ring |  | 56 |
| 10871466139 | purine | TWO RINGED nucleotide; adenine and guanine; six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring | | 57 |
| 10871466140 | triose | three carbon sugar | | 58 |
| 10871466141 | pentose | five carbon sugar | | 59 |
| 10871466142 | hexose | six carbon sugar | | 60 |
| 10871466143 | hydroxyl | hydrogen bonded to oxygen bonded to an organic molecule's carbon skeleton; alcohol; polar; OH |  | 61 |
| 10871466144 | carbonyl | carbon double bonded to oxygen; ketones and aldehydes; C=O |  | 62 |
| 10871466145 | carboxyl group | oxygen double bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to a hydroxyl group; COOH; acidic |  | 63 |
| 10871466146 | amine group | nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and to the carbon skeleton |  | 64 |
| 10871466147 | sulfhydryl group | sulfur bonded to hydrogen in roughly the shape of a hydroxyl; cysteine |  | 65 |
| 10871466148 | phosphate group | phosphorous bonded to four oxygens, two have negative charges, one is bonded to the carbon skeleton; phospholipid |  | 66 |
| 10871466149 | methyl group | carbon bonded to three hydrogens; arrangement determines function of male and female sex hormones |  | 67 |
| 11160486808 | Carbohydrates | broken down to glucose to provide quick energy (starch); also provides structure (cellulose) |  | 68 |
| 11160495728 | Lipids | Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that provide long-term energy and insulation to living things |  | 69 |
| 11160500114 | Nucleic Acids | DNA and RNA |  | 70 |
| 11160506486 | Proteins | Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues among many other things |  | 71 |
