AP Literature Chapter 19 Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7952169691 | Simile | A comparison of two things, indicated by some connective, usually like, as, or than, or a verb such as resembles | 0 | |
| 7952172059 | Metaphor | A statement that one thing is something else, which, in a literal sense, it is not. | 1 | |
| 7952174510 | Implied Metaphor | A metaphor that uses neither connectives nor the verb to be. | 2 | |
| 7952176257 | Mixed Metaphor | The (usually unintentional) combining of two or more incompatible metaphors, resulting in ridiculousness or nonsense. | 3 | |
| 7952178588 | Personification | The endowing of a thing, an animal, or an abstract term with human characteristics. | 4 | |
| 7952180854 | Apostrophe | A direct address to someone or something. | 5 | |
| 7952183286 | Overstatement | Also called hyperbole. Exaggeration used to emphasize a point. | 6 | |
| 7952185700 | Understatement | An ironic figure of speech that deliberately describes something in a way that is less than the case | 7 | |
| 7952188746 | Metonymy | Figure of speech in which the name of a thing is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. | 8 | |
| 7952190274 | Synecdoche | The use of a significant part of a thing to stand for the whole of it, or vice versa. | 9 | |
| 7952191976 | Paradox | A statement that at first strikes one as self-contradictory, but that on reflection reveals some deeper sense. | 10 |
AP Language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8129146128 | English | English | 0 | |
| 8129146129 | adage | a proverb or wise saying commonly used (ex: Things are not always as they seem.) | 1 | |
| 8129146130 | allegory | a story in which people, things and happenings have a hidden or symbolic meaning.(fables, parables, apologue have meanings on two or more levels.) | 2 | |
| 8129146131 | alliteration | words used in quick succession and begin with letters belonging to the same sound group; a repetition of similar sounds/letters in the sentence. (Wicked witch of the west went her own way.) | 3 | |
| 8129146132 | allusion | a passing reference to a commonly-known historical, cultural, religious, literary, or mythical person, place, event, or work of art, whereby the reader must make the connection within the current text. | 4 | |
| 8129146133 | ambiguity | multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, passage or sentence; can lead reader toward uncertainty of meaning | 5 | |
| 8129146134 | analogy | establishing a relationship based on similarities between two concepts or ideas; helps convey meaning of a new idea | 6 | |
| 8129146135 | anaphora | the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect; most commonly found in the Bible (O Lord,.for I am weak.O Lord, heal me. O Lord, have mercy on me.) | 7 | |
| 8129146136 | anecdote | short and interesting story or an amusing event often proposed to support or demonstrate some point and make readers and listeners laugh; Anecdotes can include an extensive range of tales and stories | 8 | |
| 8129146137 | antecedent | word, phrase, or clause that is replaced by a pronoun | 9 | |
| 8129146138 | antimetabole | repetition of words in reverse grammatical order; Ex: "Fair is foul and foul is fair." | 10 | |
| 8129146139 | antithesis | parallel structures of the contrasted phrases or clauses, i.e. the structures of phrases and clauses are similar in order to draw the attention of the listeners or readers; Ex: "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." | 11 | |
| 8129146140 | apostrophe | speaker talks to someone or something that is obviously not present | 12 | |
| 8129146141 | appositive | a renaming of a noun or noun phrase immediately after first stating the noun | 13 | |
| 8129146142 | archetype | A detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and myth and is thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response | 14 | |
| 8129146143 | argument | a statement put forth and supported by evidence | 15 | |
| 8129146144 | asyndeton | author purposely leaves out conjunctions in the sentence, while maintaining the grammatical accuracy of the phrase; shortening the statement for greater impact; "Reduce, reuse, recycle." | 16 | |
| 8129146145 | audience | those to whom a piece of literary work is being presented | 17 | |
| 8129146146 | cacophony | Tremendous noise, disharmonious sound | 18 | |
| 8129146147 | characterization | Actions, dialogue, and narrative description that reveal a sense of a character's personality to the reader. | 19 | |
| 8129146148 | circumlocution | an indirect or wordy way of expressing an idea which leaves the reader perplexed; exaggeratedly long and complex sentences in order to convey a meaning that could have otherwise been conveyed through a shorter, much simpler sentence | 20 | |
| 8129146149 | climax | that point in a plot that creates the greatest intensity, suspense, or interest. Also called "turning point" | 21 | |
| 8129146150 | colloquial | Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing | 22 | |
| 8129146151 | concession | An argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point. | 23 | |
| 8129146152 | conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects; unusual and unlikely comparisons between two things | 24 | |
| 8129146153 | connotation | associations people make with words that go beyond the literal or dictionary definition | 25 | |
| 8129146154 | context | The parts before or after a word or statement that influence its meaning | 26 | |
| 8129146155 | counter argument | an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument. | 27 | |
| 8129146156 | cumulative sentence | a sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases | 28 | |
| 8129146157 | denotation | Dictionary definition of a word; literal meaning | 29 | |
| 8129146158 | denouement | an outcome or solution; the unraveling of a plot | 30 | |
| 8129146159 | detail | The facts revealed by the author or speaker that support the attitude or tone in a piece of poetry or prose. | 31 | |
| 8129146160 | diction | A writer's or speaker's choice of words | 32 | |
| 8129146161 | elegy | a mournful, melancholy, or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead. | 33 | |
| 8129146162 | ellipsis | in a sentence, the omission of a word or words replaced by three periods ... | 34 | |
| 8129146163 | epic | A long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society | 35 | |
| 8129146164 | ethos | One of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. Ethos is basically an appeal to credibility. The writer is seeking to convince you that he or she has the background, history, skills, and/or expertise to speak on the issue. | 36 | |
| 8129146165 | euphemism | From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept - POLITICALLY CORRECT | 37 | |
| 8129146166 | exposition | Background information presented in a literary work. | 38 | |
| 8129146167 | hyperbole | A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. (The literal Greek meaning is "overshoot.") Hyperboles often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, hyperbole produces irony. | 39 | |
| 8129146168 | imagery | use of words and phrases to create "mental images" for the reader; helps the reader visualize more realistically the author's writings through the usage of metaphors, allusions, descriptive words and similes | 40 | |
| 8129146169 | imperative sentences | gives a command or request; often subject is understood and sentence ends with ! | 41 | |
| 8129146170 | inversion | A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject. | 42 | |
| 8129146171 | verbal irony | Sarcasm; what is said is the opposite of what is meant | 43 | |
| 8129146172 | juxtaposition | placing an idea next to its opposite to emphasize contrast and comparison | 44 | |
| 8129146173 | logos | An appeal to reason. Logos is one of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. It occurs when a writer tries to convince you of the logic of his argument. writers may use inductive argumentation or deductive argumentation, but they clearly have examples and generally rational tome to their language. The problem with logos is that is can appear reasonable until you dissect the argument and then find fallacies that defeat the viability of the argument on the reader's eyes. Of course, that presupposes that the readers is able to identify the fallacies. | 45 | |
| 8129146174 | metaphor | A figurative comparison of two unlike things without using the word like or as | 46 | |
| 8129146175 | metonymy | (mĕtŏn′ ĭmē) A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example, a news release that claims "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared" is using metonymy; Shakespeare uses it to signify the male and female sexes in As You Like It: "doublet and hose ought to show itself courageous to petticoat." The substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional impact. | 47 | |
| 8129146176 | mood | Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader; using specific diction, description, setting, and characterization to create the atmosphere | 48 | |
| 8129146177 | motif | A recurring theme, subject or idea | 49 | |
| 8129146178 | narrative | a fiction, nonfiction, poetic, or dramatic story, actual or fictional, expressed orally or in text. | 50 | |
| 8129146179 | non sequitur | A statement that does not follow logically from evidence | 51 | |
| 8129146180 | occasion | the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written | 52 | |
| 8129146181 | onomatopoeia | A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Ex: buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur. | 53 | |
| 8129146182 | organization | In a composition, the arrangement of ideas, incidents, evidence, or details in a perceptible order in a paragraph or essay. | 54 | |
| 8129146183 | oxymoron | A figure of speech consisting of two apparently contradictory terms; The richest literary oxymora(paradoxes) seem to reveal a deeper truth through their contradictions. Ex: "without laws, we can have no freedom." Shakespeare's Julius Caesar also makes use of a famous oxymoron: "Cowards die many times before their deaths" | 55 | |
| 8129146184 | pace | Speed with which the author delivers the story controlled by language, mood, emotion played out in speech, dialogue, descriptions. | 56 | |
| 8129146185 | parable | A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson | 57 | |
| 8129146186 | paradox | A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. | 58 | |
| 8129146187 | parallel structure | repetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. | 59 | |
| 8129146188 | parody | A humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing | 60 | |
| 8129146189 | pathos | An appeal to emotion. This is one of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. Typically, pathos arguments may use loaded words to make you feel guilty, lonely, worried, insecure, or confused. | 61 | |
| 8129146190 | persona | An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. | 62 | |
| 8129146191 | personification | author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions. | 63 | |
| 8129146192 | point of view | Perspective from which a story is told; omniscient point of view= the person telling the story or narrator knows everything that's going on in the story; first- person point of view the narrator is a character in the story; limited third-person point of view the narrator is outside the story- like an omniscient narrator- but tells the story from the vantage point of one character." | 64 | |
| 8129146193 | polemic | a controversial argument, esp. attacking a particular opinion | 65 | |
| 8129146194 | propaganda | A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information. | 66 | |
| 8129146195 | prose | written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure. | 67 | |
| 8129146196 | purpose | One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing. | 68 | |
| 8129146197 | refutation | The part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view. | 69 | |
| 8129146198 | repetition | Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis | 70 | |
| 8129146199 | rhetoric | From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively. | 71 | |
| 8129146200 | rhetorical appeals | Rhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major appeals are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion). | 72 | |
| 8129146201 | rhetorical question | A question whose answer is assumed; a rhetorical question is designed to force the reader to respond in a predetermined manner and to propel an argument emotionally. | 73 | |
| 8129146202 | rhetorical triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience ex:Aristotelian triangle |  | 74 |
| 8129146203 | satire | A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. It doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm). It targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals. | 75 | |
| 8129146204 | simile | A comparison of two things using like or as | 76 | |
| 8129146205 | symbolism | An ordinary object with an extraordinary significance | 77 | |
| 8129146206 | synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket), or the material for the thing made from it (as steel for sword). | 78 | |
| 8129146207 | syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. | 79 | |
| 8129146208 | syntax | Language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences | 80 | |
| 8129146209 | thesis | Focus statement of an essay; premise statement upon which the point of view or discussion in the essay is based. | 81 | |
| 8129146210 | tone | A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels. | 82 | |
| 8129146211 | transition | A word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph | 83 | |
| 8129146212 | voice | In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing. | 84 |
2017 Princeton Review AP World History Unit 1 Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9340123772 | Nomad | A person who moves from one region to another in search of food. They usually travel in groups. These people were present during the Paleolithic Period. | 0 | |
| 9340123773 | Foraging Societies | Also known as Hunter-Gatherers. They were still nomads but moved depending on climate and availability of food. (Paleolithic) | 1 | |
| 9340123774 | Pastoral Societies | These groups domesticated animals. They are usually found in areas with little rainfall and had to herd the animals from one pasture to another because grazing was scarce. Social status was based on the size of one's herd. (Paleolithic) | 2 | |
| 9340123775 | Cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians that are usually used for government-related events. Wedge-shaped characters usually on clay tablets. | 3 | |
| 9340123776 | Polytheistic | A word that describes a religion. It means that a religion has many gods. | 4 | |
| 9340123777 | Ziggurat | Sumerian temples used to appease their gods. They looked like terraced pyramids. | 5 | |
| 9340123778 | Code of Hammurabi | The set of laws created by King Hammurabi of Babylon in order to establish a sense of justice and fairness in society. A uniform level of punishment throughout the empire. Some differences in common and noble classes. | 6 | |
| 9340123779 | Pharaohs | Egyptian leaders are given this title. The Pharaohs were considered gods a government with a "god" as its leader is considered a theocracy. | 7 | |
| 9340123780 | Hieroglyphics | A system of pictographs that represented letters and words. This type of writing is found in Egypt. | 8 | |
| 9340123781 | Mummification | A process in which a dead body is preserved. Egyptian: are known to have used this process. | 9 | |
| 9340123782 | Pyramids | These were created as tombs for Egyptian Pharaohs. | 10 | |
| 9340123783 | River Valley | Many ancient civilizations were usually located near or on these. | 11 | |
| 9340123784 | Calendar | First created by the Olmecs, it was used to determine what day it was. | 12 | |
| 9340123785 | Hinduism | A polytheistic religion that evolved from early Aryan beliefs such as the Vedas and the Upanishads. | 13 | |
| 9340123786 | The Vedas | These were books that reflected the daily lives and beliefs of Aryans. | 14 | |
| 9340123787 | The Upanishads | These were the commentaries and reflections of the Vedas. | 15 | |
| 9340123788 | Brahmans | The highest class of the Indian caste system. The were the priest class of the Aryans. | 16 | |
| 9340123789 | Patriarchy | A system in which males held a higher position than women. | 17 | |
| 9340123790 | Mandate of Heaven | The Dynastic Cycle. Created during the Zhou Dynasty, this belief meant that heaven would give Zhou rulers power as long as they rule justly and wisely. | 18 | |
| 9340123791 | Bureaucracy/Bureau | Governments were divided into different sections or bureaus that had certain responsibilities and certain powers in specific areas of government. | 19 | |
| 9340123792 | Migration | Movement of a certain group(s) from one region to another. | 20 | |
| 9340123793 | Zhou Dynasty | A Chinese dynasty founded by Wu Wang. They came after the Shang and ruled for 900 years. | 21 | |
| 9340123794 | Neolithic/Agricultural Revolution | The switch from a nomadic lifestyle to agricultural and town/city lifestyles. | 22 | |
| 9340123795 | Bronze Age | The later part of the Neolithic Era in which bronze metallurgy assisted in the creation of civilizations. | 23 | |
| 9340123796 | Mesopotamia | Known as "The Land Between Two Rivers," this region is located between the Tigris and Euphrates River and was home to quite a few civilizations. | 24 | |
| 9340123797 | Sumerian Civilization | The first major civilization in Mesopotamia. They developed cuneiform writing and invented the wheel. | 25 | |
| 9340123798 | Tigris and Euphrates Rivers | These two rivers surrounded Mesopotamia. There was fertile soil and an annual flood that provided water and replenished nutrients. This enabled permanent settlement and, ultimately, civilization. | 26 | |
| 9340123799 | Babylon | Sargon of Akkad conquered Sumer and founded this empire, which is well known for one of its kings, Hammurabi. | 27 | |
| 9340123800 | Hittites | A group of people that dominated Babylon through their experience in iron metallurgy, which trumped Babylon's bronze metallurgy. | 28 | |
| 9340123801 | Assyrians | About 100 years after the Hittite invasion, this civilization learned iron metallurgy. Their capital was Nineveh. | 29 | |
| 9340123802 | Nebuchadnezzar | The king of The New Babylonian Empire aka Chaldean Empire. He defeated the Assyrians and expanded the empire throughout the Fertile Crescent. | 30 | |
| 9340123803 | Persian Empire | An empire that consisted of what is modern-day Iran. Cyrus the Great defeated the Babylonians and established an empire. Later, It is known to have feuds with the Greeks. Some notable kings are Darius, and Xerxes. | 31 | |
| 9340123804 | Egyptian Civilization | A civilization that developed along the lower parts of the Nile River. | 32 | |
| 9340123805 | King Menes | This ruler United Upper and Lower Egypt, and named its capital after himself, Memphis. | 33 | |
| 9340123806 | Queen Hatshepsut | Most Egyptian rulers were male, but this queen ruled for 22 years in the New Kingdom. She expanded Egyptian trade to other civilizations. | 34 | |
| 9340123807 | Indus Valley | A land surrounded by mountains in the north and west, it became home to the Harappan civilization that had limited contact with other civilizations. | 35 | |
| 9340123808 | Fertile Crescent | This land located between Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean is known for its soil which is capable of growing crops. | 36 | |
| 9340123809 | Khyber Pass | This road that goes through the Hindu-Kush Mountains provided Harappans with a way to contact other civilizations. | 37 | |
| 9340123810 | Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro | These two cities were located in the Indus River Valley and were some the most famous cities of antiquity. They are noted for the grid layout of the cities and their advanced sewer system and infrastructure. | 38 | |
| 9340123811 | Aryans | They were nomadic tribes that migrated to the Indus Valley. These peoples were known to believe in Indra, the war god. | 39 | |
| 9340123812 | Shang China | This dynasty came after the legendary Xia Dynasty. They monopolized bronze in order to maintain control. | 40 | |
| 9340123813 | Bantu Migrations | A migration in which West African peoples moved south and east, bringing with them the Bantu family of languages. | 41 | |
| 9340123814 | Olmec and Chavin | These civilizations were the first to develop in the Americas, and they had a sizable influence on later civilizations. The Olmec is considered the "mother culture" for Meso-America while the Chavin is considered the "mother culture" for the Andean-South American region. | 42 |
AP World History #10 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7391229189 | Who occupied most honored positions in China during the first 3 dynasties? | noble families and royal families | 0 | |
| 7391269974 | Who was able to afford bronze? | the wealthy classes | 1 | |
| 7391279509 | What did less privileged classes use for house-ware? | clay | 2 | |
| 7391299283 | What tomb contained a collection of bronze that weighed almost 11 tons? | Marquis Yi of Zeng | 3 | |
| 7391335889 | Where did bronzesmiths live during the Shang Dynasty? | houses built of pounded earth | 4 | |
| 7391361874 | Why were many artisans wealthy? | their importance to the ruling elites | 5 | |
| 7391371631 | When might long distance routes for trade have reached China? | during the Shang Dynasty | 6 | |
| 7391408406 | Who do legendary accounts credit with the invention of sails? | King Yu | 7 | |
| 7391419629 | What did Chinese mariners use before sails? | large ore-propelled vessels | 8 | |
| 7391435892 | Who did the peasants of the Chinese countryside live like? | neolithic peoples | 9 | |
| 7391452980 | How did the peasants serve the community? | they provided agricultural, military, and labor services for their lords in exchange for plots of land | 10 | |
| 7399167347 | Where did most slaves come from? | they were prisoners of war | 11 | |
| 7399179279 | What types of tasks did slaves perform? | hard labor such as clearing the fields and building city walls | 12 | |
| 7399503775 | What happened to many slaves during the Shang dynasty? | They were sacrificed in religious rituals | 13 | |
| 7399552094 | What type of society was China? | Patriarchal | 14 | |
| 7399552095 | What was important in Chinese religion? | Ancestor worship | 15 | |
| 7399552096 | What did the ancient Chinese believe happen to their ancestors after they passed away? | They would pass into another realm of existence from which they had the power to support and protect the surviving families if the descendants displayed proper respect and minister to the spirits needs | 16 | |
| 7399681457 | What types of things did descendants leave for the ancestors? | Tools, weapons, jewelry, food, drink | 17 | |
| 7399681458 | When could a family expect to prosper? | If all its members dead as well as living work cooperatively towards common interests | 18 | |
| 7399681459 | Who performed religious ceremonies in ancient China because of the absence of an official priest? | The patriarch of the family | 19 | |
| 7399681460 | Who was an example of a Woman who portrayed power in China? | Fu Hao | 20 | |
| 7399681461 | How did Fu Hao portrayed the role of a leader in ancient China? | She supervised her estate and presided over sacrificial ceremonies and she served on several military campaigns and once lead 13 troops into a successful operation against a neighboring state | 21 | |
| 7400502815 | What happened to women during the later Shang and Zhou dynasties? | They started living in the shadows of men | 22 | |
| 7400502816 | What did not play in important role in ancient China as it did in other societies? | Religion | 23 | |
| 7400502817 | What was the in personal heavenly power called? | Tian | 24 | |
| 7400502818 | What does Tian mean? | Heaven | 25 | |
| 7400502819 | What is the tian responsible for? | Bestowing and removing the the mandate the heaven | 26 | |
| 7400502820 | When did writing become popular in China? | During the Shang Dynasty | 27 | |
| 7400502821 | What were the prominent instruments used by fortunetellers in China? | Oracle bones | 28 | |
| 7402173209 | What type of bones did diviners use? | Broad bones such as shoulder blades of sheep or turtle shells | 29 | |
| 7402173210 | What did peasants who found the oracle bones later call them? | Dragon bones | 30 | |
| 7402173211 | What did the peasants who found the oracle bones do with them? | Sold them to druggists | 31 | |
| 7402173212 | What did druggist do with the oracle bones? | Ground them into a powder and re-sold as a medicine | 32 | |
| 7402173213 | What did most of the questions on the oracle bones relate to? | Day to day concerns of the Shang royal court | 33 | |
| 7402173214 | What did the oracle bones offer important information about? | And early glimpse of traditional he's writing | 34 | |
| 7402173215 | What did Chinese writing start out as? | Pictographs | 35 | |
| 7402173216 | What is a pictograph? | Conventional or stylized representation of an object | 36 | |
| 7402173217 | What did the can bind pictographs of mother and child mean? | Good | 37 | |
| 7402173218 | What did oracle bones and bronze products reflect? | Interest of the ruling elite class that commission them | 38 | |
| 7402173219 | What did the Zhou Dynasty produce large amounts of? | Books of poetry, manuals of divination and rituals, and essays dealing with moral, religious, or philosophical issues | 39 | |
| 7402173220 | What was one of the most popular works in the Zhou Dynasty? | Book of Changes | 40 | |
| 7402173221 | What is the book of changes? | The manual instructing diviners in the art of foretelling the future | 41 | |
| 7402173222 | What to books did aristocrats use? | Book of etiquette and the book of rites | 42 | |
| 7402173223 | What was the most notable classic work of China? | Book of songs | 43 | |
| 7402173224 | What was the book of songs also known as? | The book of poetry or the book of Odes | 44 | |
| 7402173225 | What was the book of songs? | Collection of verses on themes both light and serious | 45 | |
| 7402173226 | What happened to many of China's earliest literary works? Digital scale | They have deteriorated or been destroyed by humans | 46 | |
| 7402173227 | What happened when Chinese cultivators expanded to the north and west? | They encountered nomadic people who had built pastoral societies | 47 | |
| 7402173228 | Why couldn't agricultural societies flourish in the north and west grassy step lands of Central Asia? | The lands were too arid to sustain large agricultural societies | 48 | |
| 7402173229 | Did the grassy step lands of central Asia support? | Large herds of horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and yaks | 49 | |
| 7402173230 | What happened when the Indo European peoples in the western steps began to ride domesticated horses? | They were able to herd other animals more affectively | 50 | |
| 7402173231 | Happened when the Indo-European people in the western steps learned bronze metallurgy? | They created heavy wagons and their wagons became increasingly prominent | 51 | |
| 7402173232 | What often happened with the Chinese nomadic peoples? | They engaged in bitter wars since they were relatively poor and wanted to seize each other's wealth | 52 | |
| 7402173233 | Did the nomadic peoples imitate Chinese ways? | No | 53 | |
| 7402173234 | What was the Yangzi known as in China? | Chang Jiang | 54 | |
| 7402173235 | What does Chang Jiang mean? | Long river | 55 | |
| 7402173236 | What made the Yangzi River different from the yellow river? | It did not flood devastatingly | 56 | |
| 7402173237 | Did the cultivation of the rice depend on in the Yangze River? | Complex irrigation systems | 57 | |
| 7402173238 | What state challenged the Zhou Dynasty for supremacy? | Chu | 58 |
AP World History Chapter 19 Vocabulary Latin America Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6476068726 | Ferdinand of Aragon | Along with Isabella of Castile, monarch of largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia; marriage to Isabella created united Spain; responsible for reconquest of Granada, initiation of exploration of New World | 0 | |
| 6476068727 | Isabella of Castile | Along with Ferdinand of Aragon, monarch of largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia; marriage to Ferdinand created united Spain; responsible for reconquest of Granada, initiation of exploration of New World | 1 | |
| 6476068728 | encomiendas | Grants of Indian laborers made to Spanish conquerors and settlers in Mesoamerica and South America; basis for earliest forms of coerced labor in Spanish colonies | 2 | |
| 6476068729 | Caribbean | First area of Spanish exploration and settlement; served as experimental region for nature of Spanish colonial experience; encomienda system of colonial management initiated here | 3 | |
| 6476068730 | Hispaniola | First island in Caribbean settled by Spaniards; settlement founded by Columbus on second voyage to New World; Spanish base of operations for further discoveries in New World | 4 | |
| 6476068731 | encomendero | The holder of a grant of Indians who were required to pay a tribute or provide labor. The encomendero was responsible for their integration into the church | 5 | |
| 6476068732 | Bartolomé de Las Casas | Dominican friar who supported peaceful conversion of the Native American population of the Spanish colonies; opposed forced labor and advocated Indian rights | 6 | |
| 6476068733 | Hernán Cortés | Led expedition of 600 to coast of Mexico in 1519; conquistador responsible for defeat of Aztec Empire; captured Tenochtitlan | 7 | |
| 6476068734 | Moctezuma II | Last independent Aztec emperor; killed during Hernán Cortés' conquest of Tenochtitlan | 8 | |
| 6476068735 | Mexico City | Capital of New Spain; built on ruins of Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan | 9 | |
| 6476068736 | New Spain | Spanish colonial possessions in Mesoamerica; included most of central Mexico; based on imperial system of Aztecs | 10 | |
| 6476068737 | Francisco Vázquez de Coronado | leader of Spanish expedition into northern frontier region of New Spain; entered what is now United States in search of mythical cities of gold | 11 | |
| 6476068738 | Pedro de Valdivia | Spanish conquistador; conquered Araucanian Indians of Chile and established city of Santiago in 1541 | 12 | |
| 6476068739 | Columbian exchange | Biological and ecological exchange that took place following Spanish establishment of colonies in New World; peoples of Europe and Africa came to New World; animals, plants, and diseases of two hemispheres were transferred | 13 | |
| 6476068740 | Potosi | Mine located in upper Peru (modern Bolivia); largest of New World silver mines; produced 80 percent of all Peruvian silver | 14 | |
| 6476068741 | Huancavelica | Location of greatest deposit of mercury in South America; aided in American silver production; linked with Potosí | 15 | |
| 6476068742 | haciendas | Rural estates in Spanish colonies in New World; produced agricultural products for consumers in America; basis of wealth and power for local aristocracy | 16 | |
| 6476068743 | consulado | Merchant guild of Seville; enjoyed virtual monopoly rights over goods shipped to America and handled much of the silver received in return | 17 | |
| 6476068744 | galleons | Large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain; basis for convoy system utilized by Spain for transportation of bullion | 18 | |
| 6476068745 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Signed in 1494 between Castile and Portugal; clarified spheres of influence and rights of possession in New World; reserved Brazil and all newly discovered lands east of Brazil to Portugal; granted all lands west of Brazil to Spain | 19 | |
| 6476068746 | letrados | University-trained lawyers from Spain in the New World; juridical core of Spanish colonial bureaucracy; exercised both legislative and administrative functions | 20 | |
| 6476068747 | Recopilación | Body of laws collected in 1681 for Spanish possessions in New World; basis of law in the Indies | 21 | |
| 6476068748 | Council of the Indies | Body within the Castilian government that issued all laws and advised king on all matters dealing with the Spanish colonies of the New World | 22 | |
| 6476068749 | viceroyalties | Two major divisions of Spanish colonies in New World; one based in Lima; the other in Mexico City; direct representatives of the king | 23 | |
| 6476068750 | audiencias | Royal court of appeals established in Spanish colonies of New World; there were 10 in each viceroyalty; part of colonial administrative system; staffed by professional magistrates | 24 | |
| 6476068751 | Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz | (1651-1695) Author, poet, and musician of New Spain; eventually gave up secular concerns to concentrate on spiritual matters | 25 | |
| 6476068752 | Pedro Alvares Cabral | Portuguese leader of an expedition to India; blown off course in 1500 and landed in Brazil | 26 | |
| 6476068753 | capitaincies | Strips of land along Brazilian coast granted to minor Portuguese nobles for development; enjoyed limited success in developing the colony | 27 | |
| 6476068754 | Paulistas | Backwoodsmen from São Paulo in Brazil; penetrated Brazilian interior in search of precious metals during 17th century | 28 | |
| 6476068755 | Minas Gerais | Region of Brazil located in mountainous interior where gold strikes were discovered in 1695; became location for gold rush | 29 | |
| 6476068756 | Rio de Janeiro | Brazilian port; close to mines of Minas Gerais; importance grew with gold strikes; became colonial capital in 1763 | 30 | |
| 6476068757 | sociedad de castas | American social system based on racial origins; Europeans or whites at top, black slaves or Native Americans at bottom, mixed races in middle | 31 | |
| 6476068758 | peninsulares | People living in the New World Spanish colonies but born in Spain | 32 | |
| 6476068759 | Creoles | Whites born in New World; dominated local Latin American economies and ranked just beneath peninsulares | 33 | |
| 6476068760 | amigos del país | Clubs and associations dedicated to improvements and reform in Spanish colonies; flourished during the 18th century; called for material improvements rather than political reform | 34 | |
| 6476068761 | War of the Spanish Succession | Resulted from Bourbon family's succession to Spanish throne in 1701; ended by Treaty of Utrecht in 1713; resulted in recognition of Bourbons, loss of some lands, grants of commercial rights to English and French | 35 | |
| 6476068762 | Charles III | Spanish enlightened monarch; ruled from 1759 to 1788; instituted fiscal, administrative, and military reforms in Spain and its empire | 36 | |
| 6476068763 | José de Gálvez | Spanish minister of the West Indies and chief architect of colonial reform; moved to eliminate creoles from upper bureaucracy of the colonies; created intendants for local government | 37 | |
| 6476068764 | Marquis of Pombal | prime minister of Portugal from 1755 to 1776; acted to strengthen royal authority in Brazil; expelled Jesuits; enacted fiscal reforms and established monopoly companies to stimulate the colonial economy | 38 | |
| 6476068765 | Comunero Revolt | One of popular revolts against Spanish colonial rule in New Granada (Colombia) in 1781; suppressed as a result of divisions among rebels | 39 | |
| 6476068766 | Tupac Amaru II | (1738-1781) Mestizo leader of Indian revolt in Peru; supported by many among lower social classes; revolt eventually failed because of Creole fears of real social revolution | 40 |
AP Literature Vocabulary Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5231092379 | Alliteration | multiple words used in quick succession that use the same sound group at the beginning | 0 | |
| 5231096439 | Allusion | when an author refers to another subject matter but leaves it up to the reader to make the connection | 1 | |
| 5231108263 | Epitaph | a written tribute in memory of a person | 2 | |
| 5231110586 | Assonance | repetition of the same vowel sound throughout multiple words in the same sentence | 3 | |
| 5231116316 | Metaphor | a comparison of two things that points out a similar trait | 4 | |
| 5231121133 | Personification | giving human traits to non-human objects | 5 | |
| 5231133708 | Simile | a comparison of two things that point out similar trait using the words "as", "such as" or "like" | 6 | |
| 5231206042 | Hyperbole | using words and phrases as a way to exaggerate emotions by saying something that is not really practical or probabel | 7 | |
| 5231219226 | Situational Irony | something happens that we wouldn't expect to happen ie. a fire station burns down | 8 | |
| 5231232570 | Dramatic Irony | the reader knows something that the characters do not | 9 | |
| 5231234645 | Verbal Irony | what is said is different than what is meant | 10 | |
| 5231237320 | Rhyming couplet | two lines that rhyme at the end | 11 | |
| 5231239219 | Metonymy | referring to something, not by it's name but by naming an object or quality closely associated with it | 12 | |
| 5231250834 | Litotes | ironical understatements in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary (double negative) | 13 | |
| 5231256725 | Paradox | a situation, person or thing that combines contradicting features or qualities | 14 | |
| 5231313398 | Synechdoche | representing a whole with just a part of part(s) | 15 | |
| 5231319818 | Foil | shows a contrast in order to show the extremities of each part (character Edger + Edmund) Used to show opposite sides of the spectrum | 16 | |
| 5231461315 | Poetic Justice | an ideal form of justice in which the good characters are rewarded and the bad characters are punished by an ironic twist of their fate. | 17 |
AP Literature Vocabulary 1B Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 2960364601 | Ascetic | characterized by or suggesting the practice of severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons | 0 | |
| 2960364602 | Brazen | bold and without shame; unabashed | 1 | |
| 2960364603 | Capricious | given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior | 2 | |
| 2960366400 | Din | a loud, unpleasant, and prolonged noise | 3 | |
| 2960366401 | Edict | an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority; decree | 4 | |
| 2960366402 | Indiscretion | behavior or speech that is indiscreet or displays a lack of good judgment | 5 | |
| 2960366403 | Sepulcher | a small room or monument, cut in rock or build of stone, in which a dead person is laid or buried | 6 | |
| 2960368569 | Subversive | seeking or intended to subvert an established system or institution; disruptive, dissident | 7 | |
| 2960368570 | Tumult | a loud, confused noise, especially one caused by a large mass of people; confusion or disorder | 8 | |
| 2960368571 | Vacuous | without contents; empty; having or showing a lack of thought or intelligence; mindless | 9 |
AP Literature Group 3 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7723939816 | Inference | A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning | 0 | |
| 7723939817 | Invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. | 1 | |
| 7723942074 | Irony | a contrast between what is expected and what actually exists or happens | 2 | |
| 7723942075 | Juxtaposition | Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts | 3 | |
| 7723943865 | Litotes | A form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite; from the Greek meaning "simple" or "plain" | 4 | |
| 7723943866 | Loose Sentence | one in which the main clause comes first, followed by further dependent grammatical units; creates an informal, relaxed, conversational style | 5 | |
| 7723945838 | Metaphor | a comparison stating that one thing is another suggesting some sort of similarity | 6 | |
| 7723945839 | Metonymy | from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name"; a figure of speech that substitutes a word with a different but closely associated word | 7 | |
| 7723945840 | Mood | Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader; the emotional atmosphere of a work; | 8 | |
| 7723948032 | Narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | 9 | |
| 7723948033 | Onomatopoeia | A word that imitates the sound it represents. | 10 | |
| 7723948034 | Oxymoron | It is a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect; from the Greek for "pointedly foolish" | 11 | |
| 7723952198 | Paradox | a statement that seems contradictory or absurd, but is actually valid or true | 12 | |
| 7723955455 | Parallelism | similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses; from the Greek roots meaning "beside one another" | 13 | |
| 7724346012 | Verbal Irony | A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant; sarcasm | 14 | |
| 7724346013 | Situational Irony | a contrast between what the audience and a character expect and what actually happens | 15 | |
| 7724349063 | Dramatic Irony | When the audience knows something that the characters do not | 16 |
AP Literature Vocab Quiz 1 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7247217869 | Analogy | A(n) _______ is a comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it. It aims at explaining that idea or thing by comparing it to something that is familiar. Metaphors and similes are tools used to draw a(n) _______. | 0 | |
| 7247217870 | Apostrophe | ______ is a figure of speech sometimes represented by exclamation "O". A writer or a speaker, using a(n) ______, detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech. Example: "Twinkle, twinkle, little star, --> How I wonder what you are. <-- Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky." | 1 | |
| 7247217871 | Aesthetics | "Philosophical investigation into the nature of beauty and the perception of beauty, especially in the arts; the theory of art or artistic taste." | 2 | |
| 7247219045 | Ambiguity | ________ or fallacy of ________ is a word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning. ________ous words or statements lead to vagueness and confusion, and shape the basis for instances of unintentional humor. For instance, it is ________ous to say "I rode a black horse in red pajamas," because it may lead us to think the horse was wearing red pajamas. | 3 | |
| 7247219046 | Aside | A term used in drama and theater, a(n) ______ happens when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by the other actors on the stage. ______s are useful for giving the audience special information about the other characters onstage or the action of the plot. | 4 | |
| 7247219047 | Abstract Language | Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people or places. The observable or "physical" is usually described in concrete language. Allegory. A narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface. | 5 | |
| 7247220448 | Antagonist | a character or a group of characters which stand in opposition to the protagonist or the main character. The term _______ comes from Greek word that means opponent, competitor or rival. | 6 | |
| 7247221785 | Affective Fallacy | a term from literary criticism used to refer to the supposed error of judging or evaluating a text on the basis of its emotional effects on a reader. an answer to the idea of impressionistic criticism, which argues that the reader's response to a poem is the ultimate indication of its value. It is the antithesis of _________ criticism, which is the practice of evaluating the effect that a literary work has on its reader or audience. "the _________ led to a number of potential errors, most of them related to emotional relativism. A view of literature based on its putative emotional effects will always be vulnerable to mystification and subjectivity;" | 7 | |
| 7247221786 | Alliteration | a stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close together in a series. Example: But a better butter makes a batter better. | 8 | |
| 7247221787 | Apologue | a short story or fable which provides a simple moral lesson. __________s are often told through the use of animal characters with symbolical elements. The word is derived from the Greek phrase meaning "narrative." Example: The Story of the Tortoise and the Hare | 9 | |
| 7247222674 | Antithesis | is usually the opposite of a statement, concept, or idea. In literary analysis, an __________ is a pair of statements or images in which the one reverses the other. The pair is written with similar grammatical structures to show more contrast. __________ is used to emphasize a concept, idea, or conclusion. | 10 | |
| 7247222675 | Archetype | an idea, symbol, pattern, or character-type, in a story. It's any story element that appears again and again in stories from cultures around the world and symbolizes something universal in the human experience. __________ are always somewhat in question. After all, no one has studied every culture in the world - that would be impossible - so we never know for sure whether something is truly universal. For example, the hero ____________: Hero stories have certain elements in common - heroes generally start out in ordinary circumstances, are "called to adventure," and in the end must confront their darkest fear in a conflict that deeply transforms the hero. | 11 | |
| 7247224335 | The absurd | focuses on the experiences of characters in situations where they cannot find any inherent purpose in life, most often represented by ultimately meaningless actions and events that call into question the certainty of existential concepts such as truth or value. Common elements in ________ fiction include satire, dark humor, incongruity, the abasement of reason, and controversy regarding the philosophical condition of being "nothing." Works of ________ fiction often explore agnostic or nihilistic topics. | 12 | |
| 7247224336 | Allegory | a story within a story. It has a "surface story" and another story hidden underneath. For example, the surface story might be about two neighbors throwing rocks at each other's homes, but the hidden story would be about war between countries. Some _________s are very subtle, while others (like the rock-throwing example) can be more obvious. In most _________s, the hidden story has something to do with politics, religion, or morality — complex subjects that are difficult to understand directly. Many authors find it easier to think through these issues by translating them into _________s, which are easier to understand (and more fun to read) than dense philosophical arguments. Example: Animal Farm | 13 | |
| 7247226028 | Allusion | basically a reference to something else. It's when a writer mentions some other work, or refers to an earlier part of the current work. In literature, it's frequently used to reference cultural works (e.g. by alluding to a Bible story or Greek myth). _________ also exists in other art forms - musicians, for example, frequently "_________" to melodies used by other musicians. Example: Any time someone says "good Samaritan" | 14 | |
| 7247226029 | Allusive (tone) | Characterized by the use of indirect references or subtle suggestion. _______ means to be indirect or discreet too. When one is trying to find an ______ tone, one most look for words or phrases that hint an assumption is being made. | 15 | |
| 7247227501 | Bantering (tone) | going back and forth with someone | 16 | |
| 7247227502 | Benevolent (tone) | makes the reader more inclined to feel sympathetic or attached to the character or narrator. This is often helpful in character development and persuasive writing. Example: "Even in times of today, when one does not feel the need to go out of one's way for someone else, there are people who would. There are people who would be good to someone, share a smile with someone, care for someone and actually help someone, despite knowing that their act of kindness would be reciprocated with looks and feelings of suspicion." | 17 | |
| 7247227503 | Choleric (tone) | easily angered | 18 | |
| 7247229041 | Colloquial (tone) | using conversational style creates a conversational tone in the writing. Everyday spoken language gives your writing a casual, relaxed effect. | 19 | |
| 7247229042 | Candid (tone) | straight forward, open, sincere, informal, honest, etc. | 20 | |
| 7247230029 | Diffident (tone) | reserved, unassertive | 21 | |
| 7247230030 | Elegiac (tone) | sorrowful lamentation | 22 | |
| 7247232113 | Ironic (tone) | an author can express a(n) _____ tone through the use of diction, paradox, juxtaposition, character actions, plot or dialogue. A malicious character might be described as being gentle as a wolf, with the fundamental disparity in the description serving to create a(n) _____ tone. A(n) _____ tone can also be created through dialogue choices. A wife who finds her husband boring and predicable might remark, "I just never know what you're going to say next." | 23 |
Pages
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
