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I. Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany
1. was a monk and professor at U of Wittenberg
a) lectured on the bible
2. 1513-1526~ he came across the answer to the assurance of
salvation
a) had disturbed him since he became a monk
3. Catholic Doctrine~ faith and good works meant personal
salvation
a) Luther saw that humans could never do enough works for
salvation
b) humans could not be saved by good works but from faith
in god
Empire Building in Africa
I. The slave trade could be carried on by using African rulers and merchants
A. Disease, political instability, lack of transportation, and general
unhealthy climate all made the Europeans push for more extensive
efforts
II. The Growing European Presence in West Africa
A. As new century dawned, slave trade in a state of decline
1. Growing outrage from humanitarians in several European
countries over purchase, sale, and exploitation of humans
Chapter 20
I. Latin America in the 19th & 20th Cent.
A. Creoles: ? descendants of Europeans who stayed in Latin America
1. Ideas of Enlightenment & new political ideals influencing creole
elites
a) Principles of equality of all in the eyes of the law
b) Free trade
c) Free press
B. L.A. elites resented domination of trade by Spain & Portugal
II. Nationalistic Revolts in L.A.
A. Creoles began to use new ideas to denounce rule of Iberian monarchs
B. Sim?n Bolivar:
AP Chemistry Name
Review: Test #1
1. The distance between carbon atoms in ethylene is 134 picometers. What is that distance in meters?
2. The area of a 15-inch pizza is 176.7 in2. Express this area in square centimeters.?
3. A flask has a mass of 78.23 g when empty and 593.63 g when filled with water. When the same
flask is filled with concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4, its mass is 1026.57 g. What is the density of concentrated sulfuric acid? (Assume water has a density of 1.00 g/cm3 at the temperature of
the measurement.)
Chapter 3
The Mole
The Mole:
The amount of a substance that contains the same number of ?entities? as 12 grams of Carbon-12 (C-12)
1 mol C-12 = 6.022 x 1023 Carbon atoms
1 mol H20 = 6.022 x 1023 molecules H20
1 mol H20 = 2 mols H and 1 mol O (ratio never changes)
Definitions
The mole: the SI unit for amount of substance
Specifies the # of objects in a fixed mass of substance
Avogadro's #: 6.022 x 1023
All isotopes are considered to have the same atomic mass
AP Chemistry Name
Limiting And Excess Reactants & More
1. When 194g of sulfur dioxide and 88g of oxygen gas react, sulfur trioxide is produced.
a. Which reactant is limiting?
b. What is the theoretical yield of sulfur trioxide?
c. How many grams of the excess reactant will be left?
2. 480 mL of 0.200M copper (II) nitrate reacts with 24.5g of zinc to form 4.89 g copper and zinc nitrate.
a. Which reactant is limiting?
b. What is the percent yield of copper?
Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)
Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
This introductory chapter explores the basic themes and concepts of biology, with emphasis on the core theme of evolution. It also introduces students to the thinking of scientists. Questions are therefore general; however, an effort has been made to include some from each skill level. As in the rest of this test bank, questions that feature art or those for which several questions follow upon some data or a scenario are placed together at the end of the chapter.
Federalism Cheat Sheet
The U.S. Constitution establishes a government based on "federalism," or the sharing of power between the national, and state (and local) governments.
While each of the 50 states has its own constitution, all provisions of state constitutions must comply with the U.S. Constitution. For example, a state constitution cannot deny accused criminals the right to a trial by jury, as assured by the U.S. Constitution's 6th Amendment.
The United States Constitution
Chapter 2
-Part One ? Historical Roots
-Part Two ? Structure & Characteristics
AP Chemistry Name
Review: Test #1
1. The distance between carbon atoms in ethylene is 134 picometers. What is that distance in meters?
2. The area of a 15-inch pizza is 176.7 in2. Express this area in square centimeters.?
3. A flask has a mass of 78.23 g when empty and 593.63 g when filled with water. When the same
flask is filled with concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4, its mass is 1026.57 g. What is the density of concentrated sulfuric acid? (Assume water has a density of 1.00 g/cm3 at the temperature of
the measurement.)
Chapter 3
The Mole
The Mole:
The amount of a substance that contains the same number of ?entities? as 12 grams of Carbon-12 (C-12)
1 mol C-12 = 6.022 x 1023 Carbon atoms
1 mol H20 = 6.022 x 1023 molecules H20
1 mol H20 = 2 mols H and 1 mol O (ratio never changes)
Definitions
The mole: the SI unit for amount of substance
Specifies the # of objects in a fixed mass of substance
Avogadro's #: 6.022 x 1023
All isotopes are considered to have the same atomic mass
AP Chemistry Name ____________________________________
Period ___ Date ___/___/___
3 ( Molecules and Compounds
STUDY QUESTIONS and PROBLEMS
1. a. How many moles are present in 128 grams of sulfur dioxide?
b. What is the mass of 3 moles of oxygen molecules?
c. If 5 moles of a metallic element have a mass of 200 grams, which element is it?
d. What is the molar mass of methane CH4?
e. What is the mass of 9 moles of fluorine molecules?
f. 102 grams of a gas contains 6 moles. What is its molar mass?
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