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CHAPTER 27
The New Power Balance, 1850?1900
SEQ NLI \r 0 \h ?? SEQ NL1 \r 0 \h CHAPTER OUTLINE
I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . New Technologies and the World Economy
A. Railroads
1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . By 1850 the first railroads had proved so successful that every industrializing country began to build railroad lines. Railroad building in Britain, France, Germany, Canada, Russia, Japan, and especially in the United States fueled a tremendous expansion in the world?s rail networks from 1850 to 1900.
CHAPTER 26
Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism, 1800?1870
I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . The Ottoman Empire
A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Egypt and the Napoleonic Example, 1798?1840
1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . In 1798, Napoleon invaded Egypt and defeated the Mamluk forces he encountered there. Fifteen months later, after a series of military defeats, Napoleon returned to France, seized power, and made himself emperor.
CHAPTER 25
Africa, India, and the New British Empire, 1750?1870
I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . Changes and Exchanges in Africa
A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . New Africa States
1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Serious drought hit the coastlands of southeastern Africa in the early nineteenth century and led to conflicts over grazing and farming lands. During these conflicts Shaka used strict military drill and close-combat warfare in order to build the Zulu kingdom.
CHAPTER 24
Nation Building and Economic Transformation in the Americas, 1800?1890
I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . Independence in Latin America, 1800?1830
A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Roots of Revolution, to 1810
1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Wealthy colonial residents of Latin America were frustrated by the political and economic power of colonial officials and angered by high taxes and imperial monopolies. They were inspired by the Enlightenment thinkers and by the examples of the American and French Revolutions.
CHAPTER 23
The Early Industrial Revolution, 1760?1851
I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . Causes of the Industrial Revolution
A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Population Growth
1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . In the eighteenth century more reliable food supplies, earlier marriage, high birthrates, and more widespread resistance to disease contributed to significant population growth in Europe. England and Wales experienced particularly rapid population growth.
CHAPTER 22
Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750?1850
I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . Prelude to Revolution: The Eighteenth-Century Crisis
A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Colonial Wars and Fiscal Crises
CHAPTER 21
Northern Eurasia, 1500?1800
I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . Japanese Reunification
A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Civil War and the Invasion of Korea and Manchuria, 1500?1603
1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . In the twelfth century, with imperial unity dissolved, Japan came under the control of a number of regional warlords called daimyo.
2?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Warfare among the daimyo was common, and in 1592 the most powerful of these warlords, Hideyoshi, chose to lead an invasion of Korea.
CHAPTER 20
Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean, ?1500?1750
I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . The Ottoman Empire, to 1750
A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Expansion and Frontiers
1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Osman established the Ottoman Empire in northwestern Anatolia in 1300. He and his successors consolidated control over Anatolia, fought Christian enemies in Greece and in the Balkans, captured Serbia and the Byzantine capital of Constantinople, and established a general border with Iran.
CHAPTER 19
The Atlantic System and Africa, 1550?1800
I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . Plantations in the West Indies
A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Colonization Before 1650
1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Spanish settlers introduced sugar-cane cultivation into the West Indies shortly after 1500 but did not do much else toward the further development of the islands. After 1600 the French and English developed colonies based on tobacco cultivation.
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CHAPTER 18
The Diversity of American Colonial Societies, 1530?1770
I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . The Columbian Exchange
A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Demographic Changes
1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . The peoples of the New World lacked immunity to diseases from the Old World. Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, typhus, influenza, malaria, yellow fever and maybe pulmonary plague caused severe declines in the population of native peoples in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies. Syphilis was the only significant disease thought to have been transferred from the Americas to Europe.
CHAPTER 17
Transformations in Europe, 1500?1750
I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . Culture and Ideas
A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Religious Reformation
1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . In 1500 the Catholic Church, benefiting from European prosperity, was building new churches including a new Saint Peter?s Basilica in Rome. Pope Leo X raised money for the new basilica by authorizing the sale of indulgences.
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