Themes in U.S. History
Chapter 6

American Diversity
Samuel de Champlain – “Father of New France”

American Identity

Culture

Demographic Changes
1750 – Catholic New France pop. – 60,000 white inhabitants
1765 – 1000 wagons rolled their way “up west” (defying the Proclamation of 1763)
1755 – 4000 Acadians transported from Nova Scotia to as far south as New Orleans

Economic Transformations

Environment
French trappers decimated the beaver population

Globalization

Politics and Citizenship
Albany Plan of Union: unite the colonies
Proclamation of 1763: prohibited settlement beyond the Appalachians

Reform

Religion
French Catholic Missionaries (Jesuits) tried converting Indians but were tortured by them

Slavery and Its Legacies in North America

War and Diplomacy
1688-1763: 4 world wars
King William’s War (1689-1697) England vs. France + Spain {War of the League of Augsburg}
Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713) England vs. France +Spain {War of Spanish Succession}
England wins - Peace: Utrecht in 1713: given Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay; limited trading rights in Spanish America
King George’s War (1744-1748) {War of Austrian Succession}
French and Indian War (1754-1763) Britain + Prussia vs. France + Spain + Austria + Russia {Seven Year’s War}
Invasion of Canada in 1756
William Pitt – “Organizer of Victory”
Battle of Quebec (1759) Wolfe (B) vs. de Montcalm (F)
Britain wins – Peace: Paris in 1763: French thrown out of North America, allowed to retain small islands in the Caribbean
Ottawa chief Pontiac (1763) led a revolt against the British in Ohio Valley; overran all but 3 British posts – British fought back with biological warfare, a general ordered blankets infected with smallpox to be distributed among the Indians