27 & 28 Vocab
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| three domains | ||
| spheres | ||
| rod | ||
| spiral | ||
| most prokaryotes possess a cell wall that contains _____ | ||
| ____ bacteria have simpler walls with more peptidoglycans | ||
| ____ bacteria have walls that are structurally more complex | ||
| prokaryotes use appendages called ____ to adhere to touch other or to surrounding surfaces | ||
| About half of the prokaryotes are ____ | ||
| Whiplike appendages that make prokaryotes motile | ||
| small, circular, independent pieces of DNA | ||
| prokaryotes reproduce through an asexual process called ___ | ||
| prokaryote takes up genes from its environment | ||
| genes are directly transferred from one prokaryote to another | ||
| viruses transfer genes between prokaryotes | ||
| the major source of genetic variation in prokaryotes | ||
| photosynthetic, and they use the power of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds | ||
| use carbon dioxide as their source of carbon, but they get energy from oxidizing inorganic substances | ||
| use light to make ATP but must obtain their carbon from an outside source already fixed in organic compounds | ||
| get both carbon and energy from organic compounds | ||
| decomposer that absorbs nutrients from dead organic matter, most important are cyanobacteria | ||
| absorb nutrients from the body fluids of living hosts | ||
| some prokaryotes can use atmospheric nitrogen as a direct source of nitrogen in a process called ______ | ||
| cannot grow without oxygen | ||
| Use oxygen if it is available; when oxygen is not available, they undergo fermentation | ||
| most known prokaryotes are _____ | ||
| first prokaryotes that were classified in domain Archaea; live in extreme environments such as gysers | ||
| use carbon dioxide to oxidize H2 and produce methane as a waste product | ||
| Lives in saline environments (highly concentrated with salt) | ||
| lives in very hot environments | ||
| the first step in the cycling of essential elements through the environment | ||
| meaning that they form relationships with other species | ||
| In symbiotic relationships, where one organism is significantly larger than the other, the larger one is called _____ | ||
| in which both symbiotic organisms benefit | ||
| in which one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed | ||
| in which one organism benefits at the expense of the other | ||
| the simplest but most diverse of all eukaryotes | ||
| Flagellated protozoan; has two nuclei and multiple flagella (Lack plastids, mitchondria lacks DNA) | ||
| Flagellated protozoan; moves by means of flagella and an undulating part of the plasma membrane, is symbiotic (Lack plastids, mitchondria lacks DNA) | ||
| flagellated protozoan; human pathogens that are transmitted by insects (life-cycles involve more than one host), is from the family of kinetoplastids | ||
| Flagellated protozoan; have one or two flagella that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell, store the glucose polymer paramylon | ||
| flagellated protozoan; have a single, large mitochondrion that contains an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast, marine ecosystems | ||
| Aveolate; use cilia to move and feed, have a macronuclei and micronuclei (functions during conjugation) | ||
| Aveolate; aquatic photoautotrophs and heterotrophs, reinforced by internal plates of cellulose and have two flagella that make them spin as they move through the water | ||
| Aveolate; apex contains a complex of organelles specialized for penetrating host cells and tissues, life cycles include asexual and sexual stages as well as multiple hosts | ||
| group of protists classified by tail | ||
| group of protists classified by membrane-bound sacs under the plasma membrane | ||
| group of protists classified by "hairy" flagellum paired with a "smooth" flagellum | ||
| stramenopile; have filaments (hyphae) that facilitate nutrient uptake, Are decomposers or parasites (closely related to fungi and caused the potato famine in Ireland) | ||
| stramenopile; unicellular algae with a unique two-part, glass-like wall of hydrated silica | ||
| stramenopile; typically biflagellated, with both flagella attached near one end of the cell, have yellow and brown carotenoids | ||
| stramenopile; multicellular, largest and most complex algae | ||
| ameobozoan; commonly unicellular, in soil as well as freshwater and marine environments | ||
| ameobozoan; parasites of vertebrates and some invertebrates | ||
| ameobozoan; ____ slime mold, brightly pigmented, usually yellow or orange, form a plasmodium at one point in the life cycle which contains many diploid nuclei | ||
| group classified by amoeba that have lobe-shaped pseudopodia, very much like fungi | ||
| group classified by amoeba that have threadlike pseudopodia | ||
| ameobozoan; _____ slime mold, form multicellular aggregates in which the cells remain separated by their membrane | ||
| Cercozoan; multichambered shells called tests, Pseudopodia extend through the pores in the test | ||
| Cercozoan; marine protists whose tests are fused into one delicate piece which is generally made of silica, pseudopodia, known as axopodia, radiate from the central body | ||
| have an accessory pigment called phycoerythrin, most abundant algae in costal waters of the tropics | ||
| closely related to plants, named for their green-grass chloroplasts | ||
| green algae; live in fresh water, although many are marine, have complex life cycles | ||
| green algae; live completely submerged in the water |