AP World History Ch. 22-24 Flashcards

295835705	Ibn Battuta	Muslim explorer from Morocco; known for his extensive travels	0
295835706	Marco Polo	A Venetian merchant whose book introduced Europeans to China and central Asia	1
295835707	Colombian Exchange	A widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, slaves, diseases, and ideas between the Old World and the New World.	2
295835708	Bubonic Plague	A disease that was the cause of the Black Death	3
295835709	Hongwu	Founder of the Ming dynasty of China	4
295835710	Eunuchs	A person born male and castrated	5
295835711	Fernando and Isabel	Known for completing the Reconquista	6
295835712	Reconquista	Crusade, ending in 1492, to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain	7
295835713	Erasmus	He publicized in 1516 a Greek-Latin New Testament.	8
295835714	Zheng He	Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia	9
295835715	Atlantic Slave Trade	The buying, transporting, and selling of africans for work in the Americas	10
295835716	Vasco da Gama	The first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa.	11
295835717	Dias	Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope	12
295835718	Inca	Powerful South American empire that would reach its peak in the 15th century	13
295835719	Aztec	Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the 15th century	14
295835720	New Navigational Instruments	Compasses and astrolabes that made it easier for sailors	15
295835721	Prince Henry	Led the way in sponsoring exploration for Portugal	16
295835722	Magellan	This was the first person to lead an expedition that circumnavigated the world	17
295835723	James Cook	English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands	18
295835724	Joint Stock Company	A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.	19
295835725	United East India Company	Chartered to control Dutch trading and to achieve a monopoly between the Cape of Good Hope and the Magellan straits	20
295835726	Manila	A bustling multicultural port city that quickly became the hub of Spanish commercial activity in Asia	21
295835727	Siberia	The part of Russia that lies on the continent of Asia which is subarctic	22
295835728	Seven Years' War	Worldwide struggle between France and Great Britain for power and control of land; known in America as the French and Indian War	23
295835729	John Calvin	This was a leader in the Reformation who believed in a simple faith and a simple method of worship	24
295835730	The Council of Trent	The group that met to examine and condemn the teachings of Martin Luther and other reformers	25
295835731	St. Ignatius Loyola	a Spainard who founded the religious order of Jesuits in the early A.D. 1530s	26
295835732	The Thirty Years' War	Conflict over religion and territory and for power among European ruling families.	27
295835733	King Phillip II	King of Spain who sent the Armada to attack England, he failed leading to the end of Spanish dominance in Europe	28
295835734	Henry VIII	Launched the English Protestant Reformation when he broke from the church in the 1530s	29
295835735	Spanish Inquisition	Brutal campaign led by Roman Catholic Church to punish nonbelievers including Jews and Muslims	30
295835736	The English Civil War	War in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I	31
295835737	The Glorious Revolution	In this bloodless revolution, the English Parliament and William and Mary agreed to overthrow James II for the sake of Protestantism. This led to a constitutional monarchy and the drafting of the English Bill of Rights.	32
295835738	The Sun King	A nickname for Louis XIV that captures the magnificence of his court and of the Palace of Versailles, which he built. Louis himself adopted the sun as his emblem.	33
295835739	Versailles	A palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris	34
295835740	Catherine II	Seized throne from weak husband. Greatly influenced by Western European thinkers, considered freeing serfs, significantly expanded borders to the south and secured a warm-water port on the Black Sea	35
295835741	Peter I	Czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government	36
295835742	Peace of Westphalia	The peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War	37
295835743	Adam Smith	Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations and designed modern Capitalism; known as the father of capitalism	38
295835744	Ptolemy	Ancient scientist who said earth was the center of the universe	39
295835745	Galileo	Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars	40
295835746	Kepler	This mathematician and astronomer helped prove the sun-centered theory of the universe and said that planets orbited the sun in an eliptical manner	41
295835747	Copernicus	Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center	42
295835748	John Locke	English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience	43
295835749	Isaac Newton	Discovered gravity, laws of motion, calculus	44
295835750	Philosophies	Study of the processes and relationships of thought and the universe	45
295835751	Voltaire	French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment	46
295835752	Enlightenment	A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions	47