1877-1900 Highlights of Chapters 17, 18, & 19 Major themes: The expansion of industrial capitalism & labor in the Age of Enterprise the changing industrial city immigration, factories, & the political machine The Gilded Age Industrial Capitalism Triumphant: early factories produced consumer goods and then gradually, capital goods began to drive America?s industrial economy during this ?Age of Steel,? the Age of Invention, or the Machine Age steel making was revolutionized: the Bessemer process (Henry Bessemer)--the process of refining raw pig iron & making steel; Andrew Carnegie was the first American to fully exploit Bessemer?s invention by erecting a steel mill outside Pittsburgh, PA