Chapter 20: Biotechnology The AP Biology exam has reached into this chapter for essay questions on a regular basis over the past 15 years. Student responses show that biotechnology is a difficult topic. This chapter requires a strong conceptual understanding of the technological processes and the underlying biology that guides the procedure. With a little careful work, this chapter will give you insights into the incredible advancements already made and a basis for understanding the new marvels yet to be discovered in biotechnology. Overview 1. It is important to understand the meaning of the three terms in bold to start this chapter.