Plasmid

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Polymerase chain reaction

Virus

DNA

Restriction map

Genetics

Intro to Biotechnology Mark Muller March 19, 2015 Chelsea Claverie Midterm Study Guide The Northern Blot detects the presence of certain RNA sequences, while the Southern blot can detect various DNA segments. Northern blot uses a gel electrophoresis, blot, RNA probes, and x-ray to determine the presence of a particular mRNA sequence that was immobilized and run in the electrophoresis. Southern blot uses an autoradiograph in combination with an electrophoresis gel to identify similarities between DNA. Similar DNA should travel the same distance in the electrophoresis, on the blot, and have the same binding sites from probes on the autoradiograph.

Recombination

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Mobile genetic elements

Mechanisms of Bacterial Genetic Recombination Genetic Transfer Genetic transfer is the mechanism by which DNA is transferred from a donar to a recipient. In bacteria genetic transfer can happen three ways: Transformation Transduction Conjugation A recombination event must occur after transfer in order that the change in the genome be heritable (passed on to the next generation). Transformation After death or cell lyses, some bacteria release their DNA into the environment. Other bacteria, generally of the same species, can come into contact with these fragments, take them up and incorporate them into their DNA by recombination. This method of transfer is the process of transformation. Any DNA that is not integrated into the chromosome will be degraded.

Chp 24 Bio

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microbiology

bacteria

Prokaryote

Archaea

cell

Chapter 24 Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes Overview: The First cells Chemical and physical processes on early Earth may have produced very simple cells through a sequence of stages: 1. Abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules 2. Joining of these small molecules into macromolecules 3. Packaging of molecules into protocells 4. Origin of self-replicating molecules Synthesis of Organic Compounds on Early Earth ? Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago, along with the rest of the solar system ? Bombardment of Earth by rocks and ice likely vaporized water and prevented seas from forming before 4.2 to 3.9 billion years ago ? Earth?s early atmosphere likely contained water vapor and chemicals released by volcanic eruptions

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

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Virus

Chapter 18: Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Concept 18.2 is not required knowledge for the AP Exam and has been intentionally omitted. Overview: Microbial Model Systems viruses called bacteriophages can infect and set in motion a genetic takeover of bacteria E. coli and its viruses are called model systems because of their frequent use by researches in studies that reveal broad biological principles beyond their value as model systems, viruses and bacteria have unique genetic mechanisms that are interesting in their own right bacteria are prokaryotes with cells much smaller and more simply organized than those of eukaryotes viruses are smaller and simpler still Concept 18.1: A virus has a genome but can reproduce only within a host cell

AP Bio Campbell 7E Chapter 20 Test Bank

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Ch 20 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Plasmids are important in biotechnology because they are a. a vehicle for the insertion of foreign genes into bacteria. b. recognition sites on recombinant DNA strands. c. surfaces for protein synthesis in eukaryotic recombinants. d. surfaces for respiratory processes in bacteria. e. proviruses incorporated into the host DNA. ____ 2. If you discovered a bacterial cell that contained no restriction enzymes, which of the following would you expect to happen? a. The cell would be unable to replicate its DNA. b. The cell would create incomplete plasmids. c. The cell would be easily infected and lysed by bacteriophages. d.

Ap Biology Chapter 20 Review

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Chapter 20: Biotechnology The AP Biology exam has reached into this chapter for essay questions on a regular basis over the past 15 years. Student responses show that biotechnology is a difficult topic. This chapter requires a strong conceptual understanding of the technological processes and the underlying biology that guides the procedure. With a little careful work, this chapter will give you insights into the incredible advancements already made and a basis for understanding the new marvels yet to be discovered in biotechnology. Overview 1. It is important to understand the meaning of the three terms in bold to start this chapter.

Ap Biology Ch 20 Study Guide

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Chapter 20: Biotechnology The AP Biology exam has reached into this chapter for essay questions on a regular basis over the past 15 years. Student responses show that biotechnology is a difficult topic. This chapter requires a strong conceptual understanding of the technological processes and the underlying biology that guides the procedure. With a little careful work, this chapter will give you insights into the incredible advancements already made and a basis for understanding the new marvels yet to be discovered in biotechnology. Overview 1. It is important to understand the meaning of the three terms in bold to start this chapter.

Genetic Technology

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DNA

Polymerase chain reaction

Restriction enzyme

Transgenesis

Genetic Technology Applied Genetics Selective Breeding Selective breeding is the breeding of organisms to produce certain desired traits in their offspring In selective breeding, a genome is changed slowly and deliberately, over many generations. Selective breeding is one example of biotechnology. Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to make products, such as medicines and improved crops, or to benefit humans. Ancient peoples native to North and South America used selective breeding to develop corn and potatoes from wild plants. Today, farmers still use selective breeding to develop new crops. In order for a new breed with a desired trait to be established, only the offspring that inherit the desired trait are selected to reproduce.

Principles of life: Chapter 13: biotechnology test

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Molecular biology

Polymerase chain reaction

Molecular cloning

DNA

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

Restriction fragment

#AP Biology #AP Bio #Biology #Study Guide #campbell # principles of life

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 20 Biotechnology The new questions in Chapter 20 cover all of the chapter?s concepts and are primarily at the higher skill levels. In addition, the chapter presents several scenarios that are accompanied by a series of questions. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Assume that you are trying to insert a gene into a plasmid. Someone gives you a preparation of genomic DNA that has been cut with restriction enzyme X. The gene you wish to insert has sites on both ends for cutting by restriction enzyme Y. You have a plasmid with a single site for Y, but not for X. Your strategy should be to A) insert the fragments cut with restriction enzyme X directly into the plasmid without cutting the plasmid.

Campbell Biology Chapter 27

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microbiology

Prokaryote

bacteria

Archaea

cell

fission

Eukaryote

Chromosome

Heterocyst

Pilus