AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

microbiology

Recombination

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
Tags: 
Biology
microbiology
Molecular biology
Bacteriology
Gene delivery
Mobile genetic elements
Fertility factor
Plasmid
Hfr cell
Transduction
Transformation
R-factor
health

Mechanisms of Bacterial Genetic Recombination Genetic Transfer Genetic transfer is the mechanism by which DNA is transferred from a donar to a recipient. In bacteria genetic transfer can happen three ways: Transformation Transduction Conjugation A recombination event must occur after transfer in order that the change in the genome be heritable (passed on to the next generation). Transformation After death or cell lyses, some bacteria release their DNA into the environment. Other bacteria, generally of the same species, can come into contact with these fragments, take them up and incorporate them into their DNA by recombination. This method of transfer is the process of transformation. Any DNA that is not integrated into the chromosome will be degraded.

Chp 25 Bio

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
Tags: 
Biology
Eukaryotes
Protista
Photosynthesis
microbiology
organelles
Algae
Archaeplastida
Alveolate
Plastid
Chromalveolate
Green algae

Chapter 25: The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes Overview: Shape Changers Because eukaryotes have internal membranes, they can perform a wide variety of tasks that prokaryotes are unable to perform. An example is a Didinium eating a larger Paramecium The cytoskeleton allows the Didinium to change its shape enough to engulf the Paramecium Concept 25.1 Eukaryotes arose by endosymbiosis more than 1.8 billion years ago Endosymbiosis in Eukaryotic Evolution There is now considerable evidence that much protist diversity has its origins in endosymbiosis Endosymbiosis is the process in which a unicellular organism engulfs another cell, which becomes an endosymbiont and then organelle in the host cell Mitochondria evolved by endosymbiosis of an aerobic prokaryote

Chp 24 Bio

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
Tags: 
Biology
microbiology
bacteria
Prokaryote
Archaea
cell
Eukaryote
Plasmid
Transformation
Secretion
Endosymbiont
Escherichia coli
health

Chapter 24 Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes Overview: The First cells Chemical and physical processes on early Earth may have produced very simple cells through a sequence of stages: 1. Abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules 2. Joining of these small molecules into macromolecules 3. Packaging of molecules into protocells 4. Origin of self-replicating molecules Synthesis of Organic Compounds on Early Earth ? Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago, along with the rest of the solar system ? Bombardment of Earth by rocks and ice likely vaporized water and prevented seas from forming before 4.2 to 3.9 billion years ago ? Earth?s early atmosphere likely contained water vapor and chemicals released by volcanic eruptions

Chapter 17 Bio

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
Tags: 
Biology
microbiology
Bacteriophages
Virology
Molecular biology
RNA viruses
Virus
Lytic cycle
DNA virus
Lysogenic cycle
Animal virology
Viral envelope
health

Chapter: 17 Viruses Overview: A Borrowed Life ? A virus is an infectious particle consisting of little more than genes packaged into a protein coat ? Viruses lead ?a kind of borrowed life?, existing in a shady area between life-forms and chemicals. ? Viruses called bacteriophages can infect and set in motion a genetic takeover of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. ? A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. ? Virus lack the metabolic machinery found in a cell, thus they can?t reproduce or carry out metabolism. Concept 17.1 A virus consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat ? Virus smaller than a ribosome and even the largest virus is barely visible under light Microscope ? Some viruses can be crystalized

Free response question index Bio

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
Tags: 
Biology
microbiology
plants
Cell Biology
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
cell
Photosynthesis
Primary production
bacteria
organelle
evolution
health

AP Biology Free Response Questions Index See the complete questions and scoring rubrics here: ? http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/biology/samp.html 2010 Form A: 1. ?Homeostasis of blood glucose levels 2. ?Enzymatic reaction 3. ?Genetic cross and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 4. ?Ecological succession 2010 Form B: 1. ?Chromatography and Photosynthesis 2. ?Point mutation and allele frequency 3. ?Ecological role of bacteria and GMO bacteria 4. ?Biotic and abiotic variables, designing a controlled experiment 2009 Form A: 1. ?Behavioral response and physiological effect in fish to temperature 2. ?ATP, GTP, chemiosmosis to produce ATP, energy pyramid 3. ?Phylogeny, genetic variations in cytochrome c

Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
Tags: 
Biology
microbiology
Virology
Bacteriophages
Molecular biology
Bacteriology
Transduction
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Virus
Prophage
Plasmid
health

Chapter 18: Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Concept 18.2 is not required knowledge for the AP Exam and has been intentionally omitted. Overview: Microbial Model Systems viruses called bacteriophages can infect and set in motion a genetic takeover of bacteria E. coli and its viruses are called model systems because of their frequent use by researches in studies that reveal broad biological principles beyond their value as model systems, viruses and bacteria have unique genetic mechanisms that are interesting in their own right bacteria are prokaryotes with cells much smaller and more simply organized than those of eukaryotes viruses are smaller and simpler still Concept 18.1: A virus has a genome but can reproduce only within a host cell

algaefungi

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
Tags: 
Biology
reproduction
Green algae
Tree of life
Germ cells
microbiology
Ascomycota
Multicellular organism
Volvox
Algae
Asexual reproduction
Isogamy

Bio104 Laboratory ? Student?s Guide John Jay College, C.U.N.Y Lab #5 ? Page 1 Lab #5: Green Algae, Fungi, and Lichens I. More Protista a. Continuing from last week, this will lab will explore the Domain of Eukarya. Remember that the group of organisms commonly called ?protists? is not an actual taxon ? it?s a collection of many phyla. b. Some of the protists that we will examine today are the green algae. These single-celled organisms have a common ancestor with plants, and present-day algae share many features with the ancestor of plants. All green algae are technically unicellular organisms, but some form colonies with an impressive degree of organization.

microbio slide

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
Tags: 
Biology
microbiology
Green algae
bacteria
Eukaryotes
Cell Biology
Tree of life
Protist
Unikont
Cyanobacteria
Algae
Plasmodium
health

ESTIMATING SIZE OF OBJECTS AND MAKING A WET MOUNT Oscillatoria, 10X Oscillatoria, 20X Oscillatoria, 40X Nucleus A cyanobacterium; prokaryote; photosynthetic; contains chlorophyll and a blue pigment, phycocyanin; long unbranched filaments of cells; no flagella, but can move by means of a sliding motion. Wet Mount. Human cheek cell smear, stained with methylene blue. BACTERIA Cyanobacteria, Nostoc, 40X Cyanobacteria, Gloecapsa, 40X

microbio

Subject: 
Biology
Rating: 
0
No votes yet
Tags: 
Biology
Optics
Microscopy
Laboratory equipment
Lenses
microbiology
Laboratory glassware
Optical microscope
bacteria
Microscope
Magnification
Objective

Bio104 Laboratory ? Student?s Guide John Jay College, C.U.N.Y Lab #4 ? Page 1 Lab #4: Use of the Microscope; Bacteria and Protists I. The Domains of Life A. There are three major branches, or Domains, on the tree of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. B. It turns out that most of the living things on earth, comprising most of the biomass, are microscopic single-celled species! Today we will look at unicellular examples of two different domains: Bacteria and Eukarya. C. Protists are eukaryotes and most (but not all) are single-celled. However, some of the single-celled protest species can exist in colonies that resemble a multicellular organism, but this is not true

Pages

Subscribe to RSS - microbiology

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!