Primary production

Systems ecology

environmental science

plants

Ecological succession

Ecology Study Guide Chapter 51 Animal behavior is anything to do with animals and they way they function and reproduce. Proximate cause is the immediate trigger for a behavior. For example, if a zebra is drinking at a water hole, and all of a sudden it hears another zebra nearby make an alarm call, it may stop drinking immediately and start running away instead. The proximate cause of the zebra running away would be the alarm call. But the ultimate cause, or real reason why the zebra is running is survival. It is running away because it wants to survive. The alarm call is not the source of danger, but the alarm call alerts the zebra that danger, such as a lion, may be nearby and the lion can threaten the zebra's chance to survive.

Free response question index Bio

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plants

cell

health

AP Biology Free Response Questions Index See the complete questions and scoring rubrics here: ? http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/biology/samp.html 2010 Form A: 1. ?Homeostasis of blood glucose levels 2. ?Enzymatic reaction 3. ?Genetic cross and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 4. ?Ecological succession 2010 Form B: 1. ?Chromatography and Photosynthesis 2. ?Point mutation and allele frequency 3. ?Ecological role of bacteria and GMO bacteria 4. ?Biotic and abiotic variables, designing a controlled experiment 2009 Form A: 1. ?Behavioral response and physiological effect in fish to temperature 2. ?ATP, GTP, chemiosmosis to produce ATP, energy pyramid 3. ?Phylogeny, genetic variations in cytochrome c

Living in the Environment 16th Ed. : Ch.3 Key Terms

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Chapter 3 abiotic Two types of components make up the biosphere and its ecosystems: One type, called abiotic, consists of nonliving components such as water, air, nutrients, rocks, heat, and solar energy. aerobic respiration Producers, consumers, and decomposers use the chemical energy stored in glucose and other organic compounds to fuel their life processes. In most cells this energy is released by aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen to convert glucose (or other organic nutrient molecules) back into carbon dioxide and water. anaerobic respiration, or fermentation Some decomposers get the energy they need by breaking down glucose (or other organic compounds) in the?absence?of oxygen. This form of cellular respiration is called anaerobic respiration, or fermentation.

Chapter 3 Notes

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Systems ecology

Primary production

Ecological efficiency

Terrestrial ecosystem

Photosynthesis

Nutrient cycle

Environment

Chapter 3 Notes Ecosystem Boundaries Biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem provide the boundaries that separates them from one another Some have a well-defined boundaries: Like a cave Scientist might define a terrestrial ecosystem as the range of a particular species of interest Ecosystems occur in a wide range of sizes Ecosystem Process Each ecosystem interacts with surrounding ecosystems Change in ONE ecosystem can affect the global environment Photosynthesis and Respiration Nearly all of the energy that powers ecosystems comes from the sun Plants, algae and other organisms have the ability to convert the suns solar energy to usable from of energy, these are called producers/autotrophs

Ecosystem Energetics

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plants

Primary production

Chemical oceanography

Productivity

Photosynthesis

Respiration

Biomass

energy

Ecosystem ecology

Environment

Ecosystem Energetics Laws of Thermodynamics 1st ? Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one type to the other All energy in an ecosystem ultimately comes from the sun 2nd ? In any transfer of energy, energy is lost. Energy is constantly being lost to the environment as heat Primary Productivity Primary Productivity is the production of organic compounds from atmospheric or aquatic CO2, principally through the process of photosynthesis Plants use the product of photosynthesis in 2 ways 1. Plant structures such as proteins, cells, tissues (building the plant body) 2. Fuel for Respiration. This powers such processes as growth, transpiration, reproduction, etc. Gross primary productivity (GPP) ? total amount of energy from photosynthesis

Bio112 April 29th

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Bio 112

Bio 112 April 29th, 2013 More on Ecosystems Food webs -Is a branching food chain with complex trophic interactions -Including decomposes (detritevors) Energy Flow through Ecosystems -from one trophic level to the next. Primary production - are photoautotrophs, capturing energy from the sun. Energy flows from these guys through all other levels. Of course some energy will be lost at each level. -light energy converted to chemical energy by autorophs during a given time period. -Gross primary production is the total primary production. -Net primary production is GPP minus energy used by producers (respiration)-only this is available to consumers. NPP is more important then GPP. Secondary production

CH 54 Bio Notes

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Primary production

Biomass

Ecological efficiency

Primary productivity aka BIOMASS B/c some ecosystems are better at converting solar energy then others, we calc PP to indicate how efficient a partic ecosys is @ convert solar energy *Expressed as a Biomass/Rate-- The dry mass of vegetation produced per unit time (g/m2/yr) Aka BIOMASS The amt of light energy converted to chemical energy in a given amt of time Gross (Total) Primary Productivity (GPP) Not all of all the chemical energy produced is available to be passed on to primary consumers Autotrophs (primary producers) use some of energy themselves for cellular respiration Total primary productivity of an autroph Total amt of energy fixed by plants Net primary productivity (NPP) [GPP] ? [Energy Used by Autotrophs] = [NPP] Expressed as biomass per square meter/yr

Chapter 3 APES notes

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