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Ecology

Communities

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Communities A community is classified as all living things (different species), living in the same place at the same time Key Properties of a Community: Diversity: Includes two components: Species richness= Total number of different species in that certain community Relative Abundance= How many of each species population are present in the community Species Diversity= Describes how diverse a community is by considering species richness and relative abundance Prevalent Form of Vegetation Within a community certain types of plants are present as well as these plants being structured and located in a specific way, this arrangement determines what animals lives in this community.

APES PRACTICE EXAM

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Practice Exam for APEs Chapters 1,2,3,4,5,6,8 &28 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. A person who is primarily interested in the establishment of new wilderness areas would be considered a(n) a. ecologist. b. preservationist. c. restorationist. d. conservationist. ____ 2. Natural capital includes all of the following except a. sunlight. b. air. c. water. d. soil. ____ 3. All of the following illustrate exponential growth except a. the king who promised to double the number of grains of wheat he put on each successive square of a checkerboard. b. human population growth. c.

Chapter 51 American Pagent

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Ecology Study Guide Chapter 51 Animal behavior is anything to do with animals and they way they function and reproduce. Proximate cause is the immediate trigger for a behavior. For example, if a zebra is drinking at a water hole, and all of a sudden it hears another zebra nearby make an alarm call, it may stop drinking immediately and start running away instead. The proximate cause of the zebra running away would be the alarm call. But the ultimate cause, or real reason why the zebra is running is survival. It is running away because it wants to survive. The alarm call is not the source of danger, but the alarm call alerts the zebra that danger, such as a lion, may be nearby and the lion can threaten the zebra's chance to survive.

homeostasis, reproduction, adaptation

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Topic 1 Assignment The three topics that I have chosen to examine for the first assignment are: reproduction, adaptation and homeostasis. All eight the components that are necessary to be termed a living entity are worthwhile, but these are the three that most peaked my interest in which I wanted to learn more about the process in answering necessary assignment questions. Reproduction Every living thing has to be able to reproduce in order to maintain being a living thing. Every living organism, eventually dies. If there is no reproduction or offspring, that species, would eventually die out or become extinct. Examples of organisms that reproduce are everywhere around us in the world, from plants and animals to parasites and red blood cells.

Botkin and Keller Chapter 14 Reading Guide

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APES- Chapter #14- Wildlife, Fisheries and Endangered Species Name: _________________________________________________ Learning Objectives: Wildlife, fish and endangered species are among the most popular environmental issues. People love to see wildlife; many people enjoy fishing, make a living from fishing, or rely on fish as an important part of their diet and since the nineteenth century, the fate of endangered species has drawn public attention. You would think that by now we would be doing a good job of conserving and managing these kinds of life. This chapter tells you how we are doing. After reading this chapter, you should understand: Why people want to conserve wildlife and endangered species

Botkin and Keller Chapter 1 Summary

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APES- Chapter 1 Chapter Summary Key Theories in Environmental Sciences Case Study: Shrimp, Mangroves, and Pickup Trucks ? This case study highlights the plight of a small farmer in Thailand in the shrimp farming business. He makes his living by carving out small ponds among the mangrove forests, destroying a habitat valuable for its support of coastal fisheries in the process. The small farms are not managed in a sustainable manner and when the water in the pond is so polluted with waste that it is no longer productive the farmer has to move on and carve out new ponds. One half of the world?s mangroves have been destroyed. This chapter discusses the connections between people and nature, emphasizes the global scope of environmental problems, the

Botkin and Keller Chapter 1 Reading Guide Key

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Botkin & Keller- 8th Edition Chapter #1- Key Themes in Environmental Sciences Guided Reading Name: _____________________________________ Due Date: __________________ 1. What does the Amboseli Case study illustrate about environment science? The Amboseli story illustrates that many environmental factors operate together, and that causes of change can be subtle and complex. 2. Why do estimates of how many people the planet can support range from 2.5 billion to 40 billion? Explain. The answer depends on what quality of life people are willing to accept. Beyond a threshold world population of about 4?6 billion, the quality of life declines. How many people the Earth can sustain depends on science and values and is also a question about people and nature.

Ecology: background information

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Ecology: Definitions Ecology: The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment that determines the distribution and abundance of organisms Ecology is a science Environmentalism is a cause Conservation Biology is the integration of these two: using science to support a political cause Population ecology: experimental field approach: natural populations manipulated to test specific predictions arising from controversial ecological theory Organismal ecology: studies how an organism?s structure, physiology, and (for animals) behaviour meet environmental challenges Population: all the individuals of the same species within an ecosystem Population ecology focuses on factors affecting how many individuals of a species live in an area

Speciation

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The last ice age produced many different species mainly because of vicariance events; the glaciers physically separated populations from each other. Sympatry: populations that live close enough to interbreed Gene flow prevents speciation in sympatric populations A mating between a tetraploid individual and a diploid individual produces: triploid individuals: which likely produce nonviable gametes with an uneven number of chromosomes All polyploid individuals contain more than two haploid sets of chromosomes
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BIO152 Lecture 12 The Origin of Species

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Lecture 16-17 BIO152 The Origin of Species L16 flightless : can?t fly but its a really good swimmer Biological species concept states a species is group whose members have potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring mule is viable but not fertile reproductive isolation-barriers that prevent two species from breeding reproductive isolation is classified if it happens before or after fertilization sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize the other- gameric isolation they may be viable in one generation but not the others- hybrid breakdown post zygotic barriers have to do with hybrids beluga seal intrasextual- inflates balloon to warn of males if they approach and use his balloon again to attract female (intersextual)

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