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State functions

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 16 Notes

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Chemistry
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State functions
Thermodynamic entropy
Chemical thermodynamics
thermodynamics
Thermochemistry
Spontaneous process
Entropy
Hess's law
Standard molar entropy
gibbs free energy
Enthalpy
Chemical reaction

1 Chapter 16 - Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy 16.1 Spontaneous Processes and Entropy A. First Law 1. "Energy can neither be created nor destroyed" 2. The energy of the universe is constant B. Spontaneous Processes 1. Processes that occur without outside intervention 2. Spontaneous processes may be fast or slow a. Many forms of combustion are fast b. Conversion of diamond to graphite is slow C. Entropy (S) 1. A measure of the randomness or disorder 2. The driving force for a spontaneous process is an increase in the entropy of the universe 3. Entropy is a thermodynamic function describing the number of arrangements that are available to a system a. Nature proceeds toward the states that have the highest probabilities of existing D. Positional Entropy

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 5 Notes

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Chemistry
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Gas laws
Gases
thermodynamics
Physical chemistry
State functions
Gas
Ideal gas
Avogadro's law
Boyle's law
Partial pressure
Kinetic theory
Temperature

AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 5 - Gases 5.1 Pressure A. Properties of gases 1. Gases uniformly fill any container 2. Gases are easily compressed 3. Gases mix completely with any other gas 4. Gases exert pressure on their surroundings a. Pressure = force/area B. Measuring barometric pressure 1. The barometer a. Inventor - Evangelista Torricelli (1643) 2. Units a. mm Hg (torr) (1) 760 torr = Standard pressure b. newtons/meter2 = pascal (Pa) (1) 101,325 Pa = Standard pressure c. atmospheres (1) 1 atmosphere = Standard pressure 5.2 The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro A. Boyle's Law (Robert Boyle, 1627 - 1691) 1. the product of pressure times volume is a constant, provided the temperature remains the same kPV = a. P is inversely related to V

APES PRACTICE EXAM

Subject: 
Environmental Science
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Ecology
State functions
Environment
Habitat
Natural environment
evolution
Organic matter
Soil
energy
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
Food web
C

Practice Exam for APEs Chapters 1,2,3,4,5,6,8 &28 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. A person who is primarily interested in the establishment of new wilderness areas would be considered a(n) a. ecologist. b. preservationist. c. restorationist. d. conservationist. ____ 2. Natural capital includes all of the following except a. sunlight. b. air. c. water. d. soil. ____ 3. All of the following illustrate exponential growth except a. the king who promised to double the number of grains of wheat he put on each successive square of a checkerboard. b. human population growth. c.

inorganic chemistry lab report Al-Zn alloy

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Chemistry
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Atmospheric thermodynamics
Physical quantities
Thermodynamic properties
Ideal gas
State functions
Gas constant
Water vapor
ideal gas law
Air–fuel ratio
Gas
Hydrogen
Mass fraction

1 Experiment 7: Analysis of Aluminum ?Zinc Alloy Objective: The objective of this experiment is to determine the percent composition of Aluminum in an Aluminum-Zinc Alloy. In addition, we use Excel get the trendline equation of H2 gas and %Al. Method:

inorganic chemistry lab report Al-Zn alloy

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Chemistry
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Atmospheric thermodynamics
Physical quantities
Thermodynamic properties
Ideal gas
State functions
Gas constant
Water vapor
ideal gas law
Air–fuel ratio
Gas
Hydrogen
Mass fraction

5 Chemistry 181 Yeting Liu Fall 2014 Thu 7:30 Experiment 7: Analysis of Aluminum ?Zinc Alloy Objective: The objective of this experiment is to determine the percent composition of Aluminum in an Aluminum-Zinc Alloy. In addition, we use Excel get the trendline equation of H2 gas and %Al. Method:

Energy Notes

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Chemistry
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State functions
Physical quantities
Heat transfer
Enthalpy
thermodynamics
Calorimeter
Properties of water
Heat capacity
Enthalpy of vaporization
Heat
Chemical reaction
energy

preAP Chem 2013-2014 1 NOTES: Energy in Chemical Processes Name ______________________________ Period ________ Energy and Heat ? Energy is defined as the ability to do _________ or produce ___________; the sum of all potential and kinetic energy in a system is known as the internal energy of the system. It comes from the energy stored in ____________ (______________ energy) and from the ____________ of atoms and molecules (______________ energy). ? Heat is defined as the ______________ of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object. Do not confuse the terms heat and temperature. Heat is the _____________ of the energies of the molecules

AP BIO Chapter 08

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Biology
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Chemistry
metabolism
State functions
Enzymes
Catalysis
Chemical kinetics
Enzyme
Chemical reaction
Endergonic reaction
energy
Entropy
Enzyme kinetics

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism This chapter lays the foundations for the chapters on respiration and photosynthesis. Key concepts are as follows: The laws of thermodynamics govern energy transformations by living organisms, metabolic reactions couple energy-harvesting reactions to reactions that accomplish cellular work, and enzymes increase the rates of reaction. Understanding the properties of enzymes, how they work, and how their activities are regulated is necessary to achieve an understanding of metabolic pathways. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? A) catalysis B) metabolism C) anabolism D) dehydration E) catabolism

AP BIO CHP 8 CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 9e

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Biology
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Chemistry
metabolism
State functions
Enzymes
Catalysis
Chemical kinetics
Enzyme
Chemical reaction
Endergonic reaction
energy
Entropy
Enzyme kinetics
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Human behavior
Personal life
Attachment theory
Evolutionary biology
Technology

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism This chapter lays the foundations for the chapters on respiration and photosynthesis. Key concepts are as follows: The laws of thermodynamics govern energy transformations by living organisms, metabolic reactions couple energy-harvesting reactions to reactions that accomplish cellular work, and enzymes increase the rates of reaction. Understanding the properties of enzymes, how they work, and how their activities are regulated is necessary to achieve an understanding of metabolic pathways. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? A) catalysis B) metabolism C) anabolism D) dehydration E) catabolism

Chapter 7

Subject: 
Chemistry
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Chemistry
Physics
thermodynamics
State functions
Chemical engineering
Thermochemistry
Chemical properties
Calorimeter
Heat
Exothermic
Enthalpy
energy
Environment
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Human behavior
Attachment theory
Evolutionary biology
Personal life
Technology

Chemistry 1210: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 18 October 2012 Brady, Jespersen, Hyslop Chapter 7 Energy & Chemical Change Thermochemistry: the study of energy flow during a chemical reaction Ch. 7.1 Energy: the ability to do work; often measured as heat Kinetic Energy: the energy of motion; KE = ?mv2 Potential Energy: stored or positional energy; chemical energy (no simple eqn.) Conservation of Energy: 1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed 2. Energy is only converted from one form to another (KE ? PE) 3. Total energy of the universe (or an isolated system) is constant Thermochemistry: Basic Definitions Units of Energy 1 Joule (J) ? the KE possessed by a 2 kg object moving at a velocity of 1 m/s 1 cal = 4.184 J (exactly) 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ

Chapter 11

Subject: 
Chemistry
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Physics
Chemistry
thermodynamics
Gases
Chemical engineering
Physical chemistry
State functions
Kinetic theory
ideal gas law
Ideal gas
Partial pressure
Amount of substance
Environment
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Attachment theory
Ethology
Personal life
Technology

Chemistry 1210: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 06 Dec. 2012 Brady, Jespersen, & Hyslop Chapter 11 Properties of Gases Properties of Gases Compressible Low Density Exert Pressure (temperature dependence) Expand Mixable Some common properties of gases: While bulk properties, these intimate a molecular level foundation. Properties of Gases Recall that our understanding of kinetic energy in molecular systems relies on a molecular-level picture of gases. Kinetic Theory of Gases (CH 7) Example: Pressure Units of Pressure Standard atmosphere (atm): the pressure needed to support a column of mercury 760 mm high measures at 0 ?C The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa): Pressure Measurements Open-ended Mercury Manometer:

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