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Enthalpy of vaporization

AP Chemistry MIDTERM review B

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Chemistry
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Inorganic solvents
Oxides
Bases
Enthalpy
Titration
Properties of water
water
Hydroxide
Enthalpy of vaporization
Distillation

An acid solution of unknown concentration is to be titrated with a standardized hydroxide solution that will be released from a buret. The buret should be rinsed with: hot distilled water distilled water at room temperature a sample of the unknown acid solution a sample of the hydroxide solution a neutral salt solution B 100 B 200 B 300 B 400 As a beaker of water is heated over a flame, the temperature increases steadily until it reaches 373K. At that point, the beaker is left on the flame, but the temperature remains at 373 as long as there is water in the beaker. This is because at 373K, the energy provided by the flame: no longer acts to increase the kinetic energy of the water molecules is completely absorbed by the glass beaker

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 10 Notes

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Chemistry
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Chemical bonding
Gases
Materials science
intermolecular forces
Chemical properties
Properties of water
Chemical bond
Molecular solid
Hydrogen bond
Vapor pressure
Enthalpy of vaporization
Boiling point

1 Chapter 10 - Liquids and Solids 10.1 Intermolecular Forces A. Dipole-Dipole Forces 1. Attraction between molecules with dipole moments a. Maximizes (+) ----- ( - ) interactions b. Minimizes (+) ----- ( + ) and (-) ----- ( - ) interactions 2. About 1% of strength of ionic bonds a. Unimportant in gas phase due to distance between molecules B. Hydrogen Bonding 1. Special dipole-dipole attraction a. Hydrogen covalently bonded to highly electronegative elements (N, O, F) has a higher than normal d+ charge 2. Bond strength is higher than other dipole-dipole attractions 3. Important in the bonding of molecules such as water and DNA C. London Dispersion Forces 1. Instantaneous dipoles a. Random movement of electrons can create a momentary

Energy Notes

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Chemistry
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State functions
Physical quantities
Heat transfer
Enthalpy
thermodynamics
Calorimeter
Properties of water
Heat capacity
Enthalpy of vaporization
Heat
Chemical reaction
energy

preAP Chem 2013-2014 1 NOTES: Energy in Chemical Processes Name ______________________________ Period ________ Energy and Heat ? Energy is defined as the ability to do _________ or produce ___________; the sum of all potential and kinetic energy in a system is known as the internal energy of the system. It comes from the energy stored in ____________ (______________ energy) and from the ____________ of atoms and molecules (______________ energy). ? Heat is defined as the ______________ of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object. Do not confuse the terms heat and temperature. Heat is the _____________ of the energies of the molecules

Chapter 10

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Thermodynamic properties
Chemical engineering
Materials science
Phase transitions
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of vaporization
Vapor pressure
Phase
Enthalpy of fusion
Dipole
Evaporation

Chapter 10 notes Claire Rafson 10.1-10.2 Intermolecular forces- occur b/w not in molecules. From solid to liquid to gas molecules remain in tact Forces: Dipole-dipole forces are forces that act between polar molecules Hydrogen bonding- strong form of dipole dipole with H and NOF London Dispersion- Present in all but ionic . noble gas and nonpolar and Polar. Big atom with a lot electrons LD can be stronger than dipole dipole Higher IMF = higher: surface tension, boiling/meltin point. Lower: vapor pressure Capillary action- polar liquids typically exhibit it 10.3- crystalline solids- highly regular arrangement of their components ionic and molecular amorphous solids- considerable disorder 10.5- Network atomic Solids- giant molecule Strong covalent bonds Silica- SiO2
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