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Molecular solid

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 10 Notes

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Chemistry
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Chemical bonding
Gases
Materials science
intermolecular forces
Chemical properties
Properties of water
Chemical bond
Molecular solid
Hydrogen bond
Vapor pressure
Enthalpy of vaporization
Boiling point

1 Chapter 10 - Liquids and Solids 10.1 Intermolecular Forces A. Dipole-Dipole Forces 1. Attraction between molecules with dipole moments a. Maximizes (+) ----- ( - ) interactions b. Minimizes (+) ----- ( + ) and (-) ----- ( - ) interactions 2. About 1% of strength of ionic bonds a. Unimportant in gas phase due to distance between molecules B. Hydrogen Bonding 1. Special dipole-dipole attraction a. Hydrogen covalently bonded to highly electronegative elements (N, O, F) has a higher than normal d+ charge 2. Bond strength is higher than other dipole-dipole attractions 3. Important in the bonding of molecules such as water and DNA C. London Dispersion Forces 1. Instantaneous dipoles a. Random movement of electrons can create a momentary

chapter 11 intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids

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Chemistry
intermolecular forces
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Molecular solid

? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. States of Matter Because in the solid and liquid states particles are closer together, we refer to them as condensed phases. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. The States of Matter The state a substance is in at a particular temperature and pressure depends on two antagonistic entities:
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