State functions

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AP BIO EQUATIONS AND FORMULAS REVIEW SHEET #1 Formulas: Mode = value that occurs most frequently in a data set Median = middle value that separates the greater and lesser halves of a data set Mean = sum of all data points divided by the number of data points Range = value obtained by subtracting the smallest observation (sample minimum) from the greatest (sample maximum) Standard Deviation = where = mean and n = size of the sample Example problem: One of the lab groups collected the following data for the heights (in cm) of their Wisconsin Fast Plants: 5.4 7.2 4.9 9.3 7.2 8.1 8.5 5.4 7.8 10.2 Find the mode, median, mean, and range. Show your work where necessary. 4.9 5.4 5.4 7.2 7.2 7.8 8.1 8.5 9.3 10.2 Mode:__5.4, 7.2 ___

Math Problems

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AP Biology Statistics Review 2013! ( AP BIO EQUATIONS AND FORMULAS REVIEW SHEET #1 Formulas: Mode = value that occurs most frequently in a data set Median = middle value that separates the greater and lesser halves of a data set Mean = sum of all data points divided by the number of data points Range = value obtained by subtracting the smallest observation (sample minimum) from the greatest (sample maximum) Standard Deviation = where = mean and n = size of the sample Example problem: One of the lab groups collected the following data for the heights (in cm) of their Wisconsin Fast Plants: 5.4 7.2 4.9 9.3 7.2 8.1 8.5 5.4 7.8 10.2 Find the mode, median, mean, and range. Show your work where necessary Mode:____________ Median:___________ Mean:____________

Campbell AP Bio Study Guide Chapter 8

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism This chapter lays the foundations for the chapters on respiration and photosynthesis. Key concepts are as follows: The laws of thermodynamics govern energy transformations by living organisms, metabolic reactions couple energy-harvesting reactions to reactions that accomplish cellular work, and enzymes increase the rates of reaction. Understanding the properties of enzymes, how they work, and how their activities are regulated is necessary to achieve an understanding of metabolic pathways. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? A) catalysis B) metabolism C) anabolism D) dehydration E) catabolism

campbell_ap_bio_practice_test_ch8

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Enzymes

Enzyme

Entropy

Exergonic

Chapter?8 An?Introduction?to?Metabolism Multiple-Choice?Questions 1) Which?term?most?precisely?describes?the?cellular?process?of?breaking?down?large?molecules?into?smaller?ones? A) catalysis B) metabolism C) anabolism D) dehydration E) catabolism Answer: E Topic: Concept?8.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Which?of?the?following?is?(are)?true?for?anabolic?pathways? A) They?do?not?depend?on?enzymes. B) They?are?usually?highly?spontaneous?chemical?reactions. C) They?consume?energy?to?build?up?polymers?from?monomers. D) They?release?energy?as?they?degrade?polymers?to?monomers. Answer: C Topic: Concept?8.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 3) Which?of?the?following?is?a?statement?of?the?first?law?of?thermodynamics? A) Energy?cannot?be?created?or?destroyed.

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 2c

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Chemical engineering

Condensed matter physics

Gas

matter

Plasma

Phase

Environment

Section 2C States of Matter Kinetic-Molecular Theory All particles are in motion. Add energy = increase motion. Motion tries to tear apart matter. Attractive forces hold matter together. Attractive ? electrical, between particles Disruptive ? caused by kinetic energy (motion) Balance between these forces determines state. Kinetic-Molecular Theory Two Forces Solid Low energy Touching Locked in place Only vibrate (The inter-molecular forces are higher in energy than the kinetic energy.) 4 p. 41 of Chem. textbook Liquid More kinetic energy Still touching Not locked in place Can roll around (The intermolecular forces are almost equal to the kinetic energy.) 5 p. 41 of Chem. textbook Atoms are touching. Attractions are greater than repulsions. Atoms roll around. Atoms are small.

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 2b

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thermodynamics

Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics

State functions

Thermodynamic entropy

Heat transfer

Entropy

Energy and Matter Energy Energy the ability to do work Work Work a force moving matter through a distance Both energy and work are measured in joules (J). Forms of Energy Mechanical ? objects Kinetic ? moving Potential ? stored Thermal ? kinetic energy of atoms and molecules Forms of Energy Acoustic (sound) ? periodic, wave-like motion of atoms and molecules Electromagnetic ? moving electrons Chemical ? breaking and forming bonds Forms of Energy Nuclear ? from center of atom 6 Energy Conservation Despite Change ?the study of the flow of energy? Thermodynamics ?the law of conservation of mass-energy? (Conservation doesn?t refer to turning off the lights.) First Law of Thermodynamics ?the law of conservation of mass-energy?

Chapter 5

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Atmospheric thermodynamics

State functions

Gas

Pressure measurement

Torr

Pressure

Volume

Chapter 5 ? Gases 5.1- Pressure ~Barometer ? Measures atmospheric pressure. Invented in 1643 Units of Pressure ~Manometer ? instrument used for measuring pressure. MmHg / Torr ~ Standard atmosphere : 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 Torr = 101325 Pa 5.2 The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro Boyle?s Law- Pressure and volume are INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL P goes up V goes down P1V1 = P2V2 Charles Law- As T increases V increases V1/ T1 = V2/ T2 ~ K = `C + 273 ~ Pgas = Patm + Ph in an open ended manometer Gay- Lussac?s Law- P1/T1 = P2/T2 Avogadro?s Law- V1/n1 = V2/n2 Combined gas law- P1V1/n1T1 = P2V2/n2T2 Ideal Gas Laws- PV = nRT ~Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases consant motion and perfectly elastic gas molecules do not attract or repel

AP Chemistry Chapter 6 Outline

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Standard enthalpy of formation

Chemical thermodynamics

Physical chemistry

Daniel Seo 10/10/13 Period 5 Chapter 6 Thermochemistry Outline 6.1 The Nature of Energy 1. Energy ? capacity to do work (or to produce heat) i. Work ? force acting over a distance (moving an object) ii. Heat ? form of energy. ? chemicals may store potential energy in their bonds that can be released as heat energy 2. The law of conservation of mass ? energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed ? is also the first law of thermodynamics. i. Potential energy ? energy due to position or composition ii. Kinetic energy ? energy due to the motion of an object ? K? = 1/2mv2 3. Temperature reflects random motion of particles in a substance 4. Temperature indicates the direction in which heat energy will flow

Chemistry Chapter 1~3

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Science

Heat