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Principles of Chemistry Chapter 5

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Chapter 5: Gases Section 5.2: Pressure Sunday, October 19, 2014 12:43 PM Pressure = Force / Area ? **note: atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of air molecules as they are attracted by gravity (hence why pressure decreases as altitude decreases) ? Measuring Pressure ? Barometer - device that measures atmospheric pressure Long tube filled with mercury, essentially you pour the mercury out of the tube until it stops because the mercury creates a seal and a vacuum in the closed end of the tube -pressure decreases cause the mercury seal to fall lower -pressure increases cause the mercury seal to fall higher ? Units of Pressure ? Pascal - (Pa) unit for pressure, equal to one Newton / meter squared --> Force / area

Gas Stoich Notes

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preAP Chemistry 2013-2014 1 Name ___________________________ Period ______ I. Avogadro?s Law ? Avogadro?s Law states that ____________ volumes of gases at the __________ temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles. - At STP, _________________ particles (1 mol) will have a volume of ___________ Using Avogadro?s Law EX 1: Determine the volume (in L) occupied by 212 g of oxygen at STP. EX 2: Determine the density of nitrogen at STP. II. Ideal Gas Law ? Up to now we have always kept the ______________ of gas constant. Recognize that as the amount of gas changes, its corresponding _________________ changes. (Avogadro?s Law)

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 10b

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Gas Laws Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) Standard temperature: 0?C or 273 K Standard pressure:1 atm, 760 mm Hg, or 101.3 kPa Boyle?s Law The pressure of a dry gas is inversely proportional to its volume if the temperature is held constant. Inverse Proportion two terms related so that, if one term increases, the other term decreases Boyle?s Law P V , PV = k P1V1 = P2V2 As pressure increases, volume decreases. 6 Chemistry textbook, p. 250 7 Chemistry textbook, p. 250 P1V1 = P2V2 Sample Problem 1 A sample of gas occupies 352 mL at a pressure of 3.17 atm. If the P is reduced to 1.24 atm, what volume will result? (3.17 atm)(352 mL) = (1.24 atm)V2 900 mL = V2 A sample of gas occupies 200 mL at a P of 2.15 atm. If the P is reduced to 1.25 atm, what is V2? 344 mL 537 mL 98 mL 89 mL

Chapter 5

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Chapter 5 ? Gases 5.1- Pressure ~Barometer ? Measures atmospheric pressure. Invented in 1643 Units of Pressure ~Manometer ? instrument used for measuring pressure. MmHg / Torr ~ Standard atmosphere : 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 Torr = 101325 Pa 5.2 The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro Boyle?s Law- Pressure and volume are INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL P goes up V goes down P1V1 = P2V2 Charles Law- As T increases V increases V1/ T1 = V2/ T2 ~ K = `C + 273 ~ Pgas = Patm + Ph in an open ended manometer Gay- Lussac?s Law- P1/T1 = P2/T2 Avogadro?s Law- V1/n1 = V2/n2 Combined gas law- P1V1/n1T1 = P2V2/n2T2 Ideal Gas Laws- PV = nRT ~Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases consant motion and perfectly elastic gas molecules do not attract or repel

Formula

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| COMMON?MATH?FORMULAS? AREA(A) Square Rectangle Parallelogram Triangle Circle Trapezoid Sphere ? ? ??; ? ? ??; ? ? ??; ? ? 1/2??; ? ? ???; ?? ? ?1/2???1? ? ??2???; ? ? 4??? where s = any side of the square where l = length and w = width where b = base and h = height where b = base and h = height where ?= 3.14 and r = radius where s= Surface area SURFACE AREA (SA)of a: cube SA = 6?? where s = any side cylinder (lateral) ?? ? 2???; where ?=3.14, r = radius, and h = height PERIMETER (P) of a Square ? ? 4?; where s = any side Rectangle ? ? 2? ? 2?; where l = length and w = width Triangle ? ? ?1 ? ?2 ? ?3; where s = a side

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Density Lab Kiara Soto West Broward High School Mr.White September 11, 2013 II. What is the density of the cork, crayon and 2 unknown metal samples? III. Density is calculated by mass/volume. It can be found for any object or substance. Mass can be calculated from a triple beam balance and Volume from a graduated cylinder. As a liquid changes from gas, to liquid, to solid, it gains density. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/chemistry-terms/density-info.htm IV. If we test all the objects, the smallest metal object will be the densest. V. Beaker Cork Crayon Graduated Cylinder 2 Unknown metal samples Triple-Beam Balance VI. Gather all materials Measure the mass of each object

cc

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Density Lab Kiara Soto West Broward High School Mr.White September 11, 2013 II. What is the density of the cork, crayon and 2 unknown metal samples? III. Density is calculated by mass/volume. It can be found for any object or substance. Mass can be calculated from a triple beam balance and Volume from a graduated cylinder. As a liquid changes from gas, to liquid, to solid, it gains density. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/chemistry-terms/density-info.htm IV. If we test all the objects, the smallest metal object will be the densest. V. Beaker Cork Crayon Graduated Cylinder 2 Unknown metal samples Triple-Beam Balance VI. Gather all materials Measure the mass of each object

1.07 Assignment Chemistry I Honors

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01.07 Accuracy and Precision: Balance Lab Worksheet Before You Begin:?You may either copy and paste this document into a word processing program of your choice or print this page. Procedure Access the?virtual lab?and complete the experiments.? Data Below is the table that you will complete for the virtual lab. Either type your results into this table or print the table from the virtual lab (it must be submitted to receive full credit for this assignment.) To print from the virtual lab. Be sure the data table is viewable. Right-click (PC) or Command-Click (Mac) on the table and select print. PART I- Density of Unknown Liquid TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 Mass of Empty 10 mL graduated cylinder (grams) 26.0 25.5 25.4 Volume of liquid (milliliters) 8.7 8.6 8.6

Gas laws

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A Gas Uniformly fills any container. Mixes completely with any other gas Exerts pressure on its surroundings. A Gas It might help to define a gas based on the other phases as well. -Movie Clip- Kinetic Molecular Theory 1. Volume of individual particles is ? zero. 2. Collisions of particles with container walls cause pressure exerted by gas. 3. Particles exert no forces on each other. 4. Average kinetic energy ? Kelvin temperature of a gas. The Meaning of Temperature Kelvin temperature is an index of the random motions of gas particles (higher T means greater motion.) -Kinetic Energy Video- Pressure is equal to force/unit area SI units = Newton/meter2 = 1 Pascal (Pa) 1 standard atmosphere = 101,325 Pa 1 standard atmosphere = 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr atm mmHg torr

Gas Laws Notes

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Gas Laws Properties of Gases Fluids Low density Highly compressible Completely fill a container and exert pressure in all directions Pressure the force exerted per unit of area Units of pressure: kilopascal (kPa) atmosphere (atm) torr (torr) millimeters of mercury (mmHg) pounds per square inch (psi) 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr = 101 kPa Pressure and Volume How are pressure and volume of a gas related? Think about the demos yesterday. What are the words we use for this relationship? What would a graph look like? Pressure and Volume Boyle?s Law: the volume of a certain mass of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to the gas P1V1 = P2V2 P V
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