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Chromosome

Mitosis

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Biology
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mitosis
cell cycle
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
Chromosome
Prophase
Meiosis
Aster

Page 1 of 2 Mitosis continued Page 2 of 2 Student Worksheet?Biology Strand: Molecules and Cells Name___________________________ Date__________________ School_________________ Student?please print this worksheet and complete it as you interact with the tutorial. The completed worksheet should be turned in to your assigned teacher. Tutorial: Mitosis List the major things that happen during each phase of mitosis: Prophase_____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Prometaphase/Metaphase____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Heredity

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Biology
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Genetics
Cytogenetics
Chromosome
Classical genetics
heredity
Biology
evolution
Gene
Phenotypic trait

Student Worksheet?Biology Strand: Heredity and Evolution Name___________________________ Date__________________ School_________________ Student?please print this worksheet and complete it as you interact with the tutorial. The completed worksheet should be turned in to your assigned teacher. Tutorial: What is heredity? http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/ Why do children resemble their parents, brothers and sisters? What is the basis of heredity? Where are our traits? Where are genes located? A. What helps define our traits? B. Give an example. How many sets of chromosomes do humans have? How do parents pass genes to a child? What two cells join to make a zygote? ___________________ & _________________

Mitosis Effects

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Biology
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cell cycle
Cell Biology
mitosis
Hypothesis testing
Chromosome
cell
Statistical hypothesis testing
Aster
Telophase
Plant hormone

Meredith Robbins Ms. Sobota The Environmental Effects on Mitosis Research Question: How much of an effect does the IAA have on the rate of cell division in onion roots? Null Hypothesis: The IAA will not have a significant impact on the rate of cell division. Alternative Hypothesis 1: If the IAA is added to the water/ soil then it will have a higher rate on cell division. Alternative Hypothesis 2: If the IAA is added to the water/ soil then it will have a lower rate on cell division. IV: IAA DV: The rate of Cell Division Summary:

Principles of Biology Macmillan Chapter 11

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Biology
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cell cycle
Cellular processes
Molecular genetics
mitosis
chromosomes
Meiosis
Cell growth
Sister chromatids
Homologous chromosome
cell division
Spindle apparatus
Chromosome

Biology Chapter 11 Cell Division: 11.1 A) Cell Division Cell Division: the process by which a single cell becomes two daughter cells Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission Eukaryotic cells divide by Mitosis and Cytokinesis Ori = Origin of replication (code for replication ) B) Binary Fission FtsZ, a protein it encodes forms a ring at the site of constriction where the new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells (very similar to Tublin) Cell Division in bacteria and archaeon?s occurs by binary fission Together, mitosis and cytokinesis are known as mitotic cell division. M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) alternates with interphase, which consists of G1, S (synthesis), and G2?phases. These four stages together constitute the cell cycle.

cell

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Biology
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organelles
Bacteriology
Cell Biology
bacteria
cell
Membrane biology
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
mitochondrion
Chromosome
Centriole
Ribosome

The Cell The cell is one of the most important concepts in biology since every living organism is made of cells. Bacteria are single celled while you are made up of trillions of cells. As different as we are from bacteria, our cells share some important similarities. All cells have a cell membrane that separates them from the outside environment and all cells have ribosomes where proteins are made. Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States, more free study guides at www.Biology101.org, copyright Anthony D'Onofrio a quick overview The basic diagram of the cell shown above represents most eukaryotic cells (humans, plants, fungi). One main distinction is that plants have a cell wall outside the cell membrane that animal cells lack.

ap_bio_chap_10_meiosis.ppt

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Biology
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cell cycle
chromosomes
Molecular genetics
Cytogenetics
mitosis
Meiosis
Chromatid
Homologous chromosome
Sister chromatids
Anaphase
Ploidy
Chromosome

0 10 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Overview: Variations on a Theme Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind Heredity is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next Variation is demonstrated by the differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and variation Figure 10.1 Concept 10.1: Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes In a literal sense, children do not inherit particular physical traits from their parents Inheritance of Genes Genes are the units of heredity and are made up of segments of DNA Genes are passed to the next generation via reproductive cells called gametes (sperm and eggs) Most DNA is packaged into chromosomes

Chromatin folding

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Epigenetics
Molecular genetics
DNA
Proteins
Chromatin
Histone
Nucleosome
Chromosome
Non-histone protein
Solenoid

Chromatin: The formation of chromosomes Chromatin is packed into chromosomes during mitosis. We will look at the steps from interphase to metaphase There are several levels of organisation in terms of chromatin folding? Free DNA 2nm Formation of the nucleosome: The DNA strand wraps around a core of eight histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4: x2) 1.65 times. Also known as ?beads-on-a-string? and is the basic chromatin structure. 10nm An H1 histone tails binds on the outside of the coil on each nucleosome unit, now chromatosome units. Further condensing occurs: 30nm Interactions between: Interactions between chromatosomes (nucleosomes and H1 histones) leads to more folding of the 30nm fibres, creating a thicker fibre. 30nm

Speciation

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Philosophy of biology
Classical genetics
Cytogenetics
Ecology
Evolutionary biology
Speciation
Polyploid
Ploidy
Chromosome
Sympatry
Environment

The last ice age produced many different species mainly because of vicariance events; the glaciers physically separated populations from each other. Sympatry: populations that live close enough to interbreed Gene flow prevents speciation in sympatric populations A mating between a tetraploid individual and a diploid individual produces: triploid individuals: which likely produce nonviable gametes with an uneven number of chromosomes All polyploid individuals contain more than two haploid sets of chromosomes
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Chp 12 Bio

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Cytogenetics
Classical genetics
Molecular genetics
Epigenetics
Genomic imprinting
Y chromosome
Chromosome
Genetic linkage
Meiosis
Gamete
health

Overview: Locating Genes Along Chromosomes ? Mendel?s ?hereditary factors? were genes, though this wasn?t known at the time. ? The location of a particular gene can be seen by tagging isolated chromosomes with a fluorescent dye that highlights the gene. Concept 12.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes ? The chromosome theory of inheritance states: ? Mendelian genes have specific loci (positions) on chromosomes ? Chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment. ? The behavior of chromosomes during meiosis was said to account for Mendel?s laws of segregation and independent assortment. Morgan?s Experimental Evidence & Choice of Experimental Organism

Cell Cycle

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Cell Biology
cell cycle
Interphase
mitosis
Meiosis
Kinetochore
Cytokinesis
Cyclin
Spindle apparatus
cell
Chromosome
health

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division the continuity of life is based upon the reproduction of cells, or cell division unicellular organisms reproduce by cell division multicellular organisms depend on cell division for development (from a fertilized cell), growth and repair the cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from its formation from the division of the parent cell to its own division Concept 12.1: Cell division results in two identical daughter cells cells duplicate their genetic material before they divide, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of genetic material, DNA Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material a cell?s endowment of DNA, its genetic information, is called its genome

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