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mitochondrion

Campbell's Biology 9 Edition Chapter 9 Outline

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Biology
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cellular respiration
metabolism
Nucleotides
Coenzymes
neurotransmitters
Glycolysis
Adenosine triphosphate
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis
Oxidative phosphorylation
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
mitochondrion

Ch. 9 Notes Energy flows through systems not recyclable Matter recyclable Cellular respiration: Require ATP to be done Energy used to make ADP to ATP from glucose ATP modified RNA nucleotide A lot of APT necessary to do the smallest of tasks If ATP stopped being made we could only live 4 seconds Mitochondria make the ATP in plants and animals Chloroplasts convert sunlight into organic molecules to be used Glucose + 6 Oxygen -> 6 Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP Oxidation and reduction has to do with 90% of ATP being produced NAD+ + H+ + 2e- = NADH Instrumental in the production of ATP More NADH the more ATP will be produced 2 different mechanisms contribute to ATP production Substrate level Phosphorylation: Chemiosmosis (Oxidative Phosphorylation):

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Electron Transport Notes

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Biology
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cellular respiration
Electron transport chain
Oxidative phosphorylation
Adenosine triphosphate
mitochondrion
ATP synthase
redox
Citric acid cycle
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Oxygen
Electrochemical gradient
Intermembrane space

OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT Adenisine Triphosphate (ATP)??-? The molecule from which cells derive energy. Comprised of an adenisine molecule bonded to three phosphates. Each phosphate bond contains energy, especially the third bond. By breaking that one bond and reducing ATP to adenisine?diphosphate (ADP), the cell can get the energy to carry out its various processes. Electron transport chain??-? Term used to describe the flow of electrons generated by the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. Responsible for establishing an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that powers the synthesis of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation.

AP bio exam review

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Biology
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Molecular biology
cellular respiration
cell
Adenosine triphosphate
metabolism
Gene expression
Transcription
mitochondrion
Translation
DNA Replication
Chloroplast
organelle

Page 1 AP Biology: 2013 Exam Review AP BIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW GUIDE ?The price of success is hard work, dedication to the job at hand, and the determination that whether we win or lose, we have applied the best of ourselves to the task at hand.? Page 2 AP Biology: 2013 Exam Review CONCEPT 1 - BIOCHEMISTRY 1. CHNOPS- most common elements in all living matter 2. Bonds- ionic (transfer electrons), covalent (sharing- polar/unequal sharing and non-polar/equal sharing), hydrogen (weak bonds between hydrogen and negatively charged items), hydrophobic interactions (how non-polar compounds congregate together- lipids) 3. pH a. acid-base/ 0-14, # of H ions determines scale; logarithmic- pH 3 = 10-3 = 1/1000

Endomembrane System

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Biology
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organelles
Endomembrane system
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Vesicle
Endoplasm
cell
Lysosome
Ribosome
Biological membrane
mitochondrion
Cytoplasm

Endomembrane System This system controls the process of making proteins specified by the DNA in the nucleus and includes the organelles of the smooth ER, rough ER, and golgi apparatus. *Although ribosomes make proteins, it is not included in this system because it is not a membrane bound organelle and just composed of RNA and proteins.

Cellular Respiration

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Biology
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cellular respiration
Electron transport chain
Adenosine triphosphate
Carbohydrate catabolism
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
metabolism
Bioenergetic systems
redox
mitochondrion
Cofactor

Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration can be described as a chemical process that breaks bonds in food molecules or transforms chemical energy from organic molecules into ATP. - Only 40% of food energy is extracted and used for cellular work where the other 60% leaves in the form of heat energy ATP= Provides chemical energy for cellular work/processes in the cell. Structure= Composed of complex organic molecule called adenosine with a tail of three phosphate groups and a ribose sugar- pentose (ADP+P=ATP) (ADP is a diphosphate with an adenosine) ATP is recycled from ADP and phosphate through cellular respiration, ADP and P are connected to create ATP to be used for cell processes, ATP is used for cellular work and ADP and P are extracted from food molecules to create ATP again.

Campbell9thEdChapter6Tour of the Cell

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Biology
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organelles
cell
Cytoskeleton
Eukaryote
Microtubule
Endomembrane system
Outline of cell biology
Endoplasmic reticulum
Actin
mitochondrion
plant cell
Biological membrane

A Tour of the Cell Chapter 6 Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life All organisms are made of cells The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive Cell structure is correlated to cellular function All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6.1 Concept 6.1: Biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry to study cells Though usually too small to be seen by the unaided eye, cells can be complex ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Microscopy Scientists use microscopes to visualize cells too small to see with the naked eye In a light microscope (LM), visible light is passed through a specimen and then through glass lenses Lenses refract (bend) the light, so that the image is magnified

AP Bio Chp 6

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Biology
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organelles
cell
Endomembrane system
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
Eukaryote
plant cell
mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Golgi apparatus
Vesicle

AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Concept 6.1 To study cells, biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry 1. The study of cells has been limited by their small size, and so they were not seen and described until 1665, when Robert Hooke first looked at dead cells from an oak tree. His contemporary, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, crafted lenses; and with the improvements in optical aids, a new world was opened. Magnification and resolving power limit what can be seen. Explain the difference.

quiz 6

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Biology
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organelles
Protein targeting
mitochondrion
cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
Chloroplast
Peroxisome
Eukaryote
Genome

Which of the following organelles is incorrectly matched with its function? a. mitochondria : ATP production b. SER : detoxification of drugs and poisons c. lysosome : digestion d. gap junctions : cell communication e. microfilaments and flagella motion Which of the following pairs of structures is incorrectly matched? a. mitochondria- thylakoid membranes b. peroxisomes ? hydrogen peroxide c. nucleus - chromatin d. SER- Ca++ storage e. nucleolus ? ribosome components

cell

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Biology
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organelles
Bacteriology
Cell Biology
bacteria
cell
Membrane biology
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
mitochondrion
Chromosome
Centriole
Ribosome

The Cell The cell is one of the most important concepts in biology since every living organism is made of cells. Bacteria are single celled while you are made up of trillions of cells. As different as we are from bacteria, our cells share some important similarities. All cells have a cell membrane that separates them from the outside environment and all cells have ribosomes where proteins are made. Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States, more free study guides at www.Biology101.org, copyright Anthony D'Onofrio a quick overview The basic diagram of the cell shown above represents most eukaryotic cells (humans, plants, fungi). One main distinction is that plants have a cell wall outside the cell membrane that animal cells lack.

Cell and Transport Study Guide

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Biology
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Biology
Membrane biology
Cell Biology
organelles
cell
mitochondrion
Osmosis
Eukaryote
Vacuole
Plasmolysis
Lipid bilayer
Turgor pressure
health

Cells & Transport Study Guide Cell Theory 1) All living things are made up of cells 2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism 3) New cells are produced from existing cells Scientists: 1665 Robert Hooke Coined word ?cell? Looked at cork under microscope 1674 Anton van Leeuwenhoek Perfected the simple microscope Discovered protozoa 1838 Matthias Schleiden Discovered/published fact that all plants are made of cells 1839 Theodor Schwann Discovered/published fact that all animals are made of cells 1855 Rudolf Virchow Discovered/published fact that all cells come from preexisting cells 1931 Janet Plowe Demonstrated that a cell is a physical structure 1970 Lynne Margulis Created endosymbiotic theory Endosymbiotic Theory

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