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Interphase

AP Bio Lab 7

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Biology
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cell cycle
mitosis
Interphase
Meiosis
Cyclin
Cytokinesis
Spindle checkpoint
Kinetochore
Metaphase
Telophase
G1 phase
Maturation promoting factor

AP LAB 7: CELL DIVISION: MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS How do eukaryotic cells divide to produce genetically identical cells or to produce gametes with half the normal DNA? BACKGROUND One of the characteristics of living things is the ability to replicate and pass on genetic information to the next generation. Cell division in individual bacteria and archaea usually occurs by binary fission. Mitochondria and chloroplasts also replicate by binary fission, which is evidence of the evolutionary relationship between these organelles and prokaryotes. Cell division in eukaryotes is more complex. It requires the cell to manage a complicated process of duplicating the nucleus, other organelles, and multiple chromosomes. This process, called the cell cycle, is divided

Cell Cycle

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Biology
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Biology
Cell Biology
cell cycle
Interphase
mitosis
Meiosis
Kinetochore
Cytokinesis
Cyclin
Spindle apparatus
cell
Chromosome
health

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Overview: The Key Roles of Cell Division the continuity of life is based upon the reproduction of cells, or cell division unicellular organisms reproduce by cell division multicellular organisms depend on cell division for development (from a fertilized cell), growth and repair the cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from its formation from the division of the parent cell to its own division Concept 12.1: Cell division results in two identical daughter cells cells duplicate their genetic material before they divide, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of genetic material, DNA Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material a cell?s endowment of DNA, its genetic information, is called its genome

AP Biology Chapter 12 Reading Guide

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Biology
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Cell Biology
cell cycle
Kinetochore
mitosis
Meiosis
Spindle apparatus
Cytokinesis
Interphase
Cyclin
Aster
G2 phase
health

AP Biology Name _________________________ Chapter 12 Guided Reading Compare and contrast the role of cell division in unicellular and multicellular organisms. ??? Define the following terms: Genome? Chromosomes? Somatic cells? Gametes? Chromatin? Sister chromatids? Centromere? Mitosis? Cytokinesis? Meiosis? List the activities of the cell cycle: Mitotic phase? Interphase? G1 phase? G2 phase? S phase? Define the following terms: Mitotic spindle? Centrosome? Microtubule organizing center? Aster? Kinetochore? Label below:?? Label the diagram below (phases, structures, etc):?????????????? Contrast cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.??? Define binary fission and label the diagram below:?????? Discuss the hypothetical evolution of mitosis.?????

Ap Biology Lab #7

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Biology
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Cell Biology
mitosis
Interphase
health
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Human behavior
Attachment theory
Ethology
Personal life
Technology

AP Bio Monday Carol Sheftall Sent: Monday, September 30, 2013 12:25 PM To: The Lab Seven Statistical Analysis Section (handout from Friday) was to be completed before coming to class today. (This is from the old lab book) Friday we counted the number of cells in interphase vs. then number of cells in mitotic phase. ?Thus, you collected the control cells data. We added the data together (below) to find totals. ?

AP Bio Review

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Biology
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Biology
Cellular processes
Cell Biology
Plant Anatomy
Plant physiology
Tissues
Meiosis
Cell growth
Interphase
cell cycle
Vascular bundle
Anaphase
health
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Human behavior
Attachment theory
Ethology
Personal life
Technology

AP BIOLOGY SEMESTER 2 REVIEW UNIT 7 CONTINUED: ANIMAL FORM & FUNCTION Cell Communication Reception ? signal molecule binds to receptor protein in cell membranes causing it to change shape G protein coupled receptor Transduction = cascade of molecules activates relaying signal within cell Signal transduction pathway (ex. G-protein, tyrosine-kinase receptors, ion channel receptors) Phosphorylation cascades Secondary messenger system (ex. Cyclic AMP, Ca2+ ions, DAG, IP3) Response Transcription factors turn genes on or off Cellular activity activate enzymes, open cell membrane channels, apoptosis Scaffolding proteins Endocrine System (table page 961) Homeostasis Blood sugar regulation, blood calcium regulation Negative feedback, positive feedback Neurosecretory cells

AP Bio Review

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Cellular processes
Cell Biology
Plant Anatomy
Plant physiology
Tissues
Meiosis
Cell growth
Interphase
cell cycle
Vascular bundle
Anaphase
health
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Human behavior
Attachment theory
Ethology
Personal life
Technology

AP BIOLOGY SEMESTER 2 REVIEW UNIT 7 CONTINUED: ANIMAL FORM & FUNCTION Cell Communication Reception ? signal molecule binds to receptor protein in cell membranes causing it to change shape G protein coupled receptor Transduction = cascade of molecules activates relaying signal within cell Signal transduction pathway (ex. G-protein, tyrosine-kinase receptors, ion channel receptors) Phosphorylation cascades Secondary messenger system (ex. Cyclic AMP, Ca2+ ions, DAG, IP3) Response Transcription factors turn genes on or off Cellular activity activate enzymes, open cell membrane channels, apoptosis Scaffolding proteins Endocrine System (table page 961) Homeostasis Blood sugar regulation, blood calcium regulation Negative feedback, positive feedback Neurosecretory cells

chapter 12 note

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Biology
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Biology
Cell Biology
cell cycle
mitosis
Cellular processes
Proteins
Molecular genetics
Cell growth
Interphase
Cyclin
Spindle apparatus
Kinetochore
health
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Human behavior
Personal life
Attachment theory
Evolutionary biology
Technology

Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis The Key Roles of Cell Division Cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair Unicellular organisms (ex. Amoeba) will divide to reproduce entire organisms Cell division also will allows a multicellular organism to develop from a single cell The Key Roles of Cell Division DNA is passed from one generation of cells to the next without dilution. -cell duplicates it DNA - moves the 2 copies to opposite ends of the cell - and then splits into 2 daughter cells The Key Roles of Cell Division Concept 12.1 Cell Division distributes identical sets of chromosomes to daughter cells A cell?s genetic material is called its genome - prokaryote = single long DNA strand - eukaryote = number of DNA molecules Concept 12.1

Cell Cycle

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Biology
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Biology
Cell Biology
cell cycle
mitosis
Cellular processes
Molecular genetics
Meiosis
Interphase
Cell growth
Cytokinesis
Spindle apparatus
Chromosome
health

Cell Growth and Reproduction Cell Reproduction All cells come from preexisting cells. Cell division results in two cells that are identical to the parent cell. New cells are constantly being produced. Scientists noticed certain structures that appeared just before cell division and disappeared after. Chromosomes: structures which contain DNA and become darkly colored when stained For most of a cell?s life, chromosomes exist as chromatin Chromatin: long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones Histones are grouped in bunches called nucleosomes The Cell Cycle Cell cycle: the sequence of growth and division of a cell Two general periods of the cycle: growth and division The majority of a cell?s life is spent in the growth period known as interphase

Chapter 9-Cellular Reproduction

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Cell Biology
cell cycle
Cellular processes
mitosis
Developmental biology
Interphase
Cell growth
Spindle checkpoint
Cytokinesis
cell
Spindle apparatus
health

Chapter 9: Cellular Reproduction CELLULAR GROWTH -As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area. -The cell might have difficulty supplying nutrients and expelling enough waste products. TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES -Substances move by diffusion or by motor proteins. -Diffusion over large distances is slow and inefficient. -Small cells maintain more efficient transport systems. CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS -The need for signling proteins to move throughout the cell also limits cell size. -Cell size affects the ability of the cell to communicate instructions for cellular functions. THE CELL CYCLE -Cell division prevents the cell from becoming too large -It also is the way the cell reproduces so that you grow and heal certain injuries
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