Chapter 1: Nature, Humanity, and History: The First Four Million Years Introduction Creation myths?various themes Purpose of creation myths Nineteenth century?impact of science on Creation Myths African Genesis Interpreting the evidence Neanderthal?40,000 years ago?Europe Charles Darwin Australopithecus africanus (African southern ape) Human evolution How should humans be defined? Three major traits distinguish humans from other primates Why did biological changes take place? Migrations from Africa Homo erectus Homo sapiens Minor evolutionary changes History and Culture in the Ice Age Food gathering and stone technology Food gathering Tool making The hunters Gender divisions and social life Gender division Lived in small bands