Atomic Structure Atomic structure of an atom based on energy relative to size of an electron can be measured with Einstein?s formula of e=mc2. However, energy of an electron within an atom based on how long a wavelength takes to pass can be determined with the formula of constant= wavelength x frequency. Electromagnetic Radiation is described with wavelike energy with both magnetic and electrical properties. Waves of electrons (atoms) are within radiation additionally wave measurements can be made with the wavelength, frequency, and the speed of light (constant). Wavelength= Indicated with lambda, described as the length of a wave from one crest to another. Frequency= Measured in Hz (1/s), the number of waves that pass per second