Chapter 1: First Peoples ? Populating the Planet, to 10,000 B.C.E. hunting-gathering lifestyle: 95% of the time study of Paleolithic peoples: through their material remains achievements I. Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First Migrations Homo sapiens: 250,000 years ago, eastern and southern Africa culture: learned or invented ways of living began to inhabit new environments technological innovations 100,000?60,000 years ago: out of Africa A. Into Eurasia 1. Migrations: 45,000?20,000 years ago 2. New hunting tools into warmer regions altered hunting habits 3. Cave paintings animals, humans & hands, abstract designs in red, yellow, brown & black 4. Venus figurines with exaggerated breasts, buttocks, hips & stomachs