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Humanities

Strayer Note Outline

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? PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT ?12? [[Chapter 20: Colonial Encounters, 1750?1914]] [[RESOURCE TYPE: Note Taking]] CHAPTER 20: Colonial Encounters, 1750?1914 A Second Wave of European Conquests Under European Rule Cooperation and Rebellion Colonial Empires with a Difference Ways of Working: Comparing Colonial Economies Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State Economies of Cash-Crop Agriculture: The Pull of the Market Economies of Wage Labor: Working for Europeans Women and the Colonial Economy: An African Case Study Assessing Colonial Development Believing and Belonging: Cultural Change in the Colonial Era Education Religion ?Race? and ?Tribe? Reflections: Who Makes History? Documents?Considering the Evidence: Indian Responses to Empire

Chapter 1- Prehistory

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For thousands of years humans lived in small communities without a home Societies had a few dozen people They traveled nomadically for food Humans can build tools which sets them apart from other animals Agriculture Humans began experimenting with agriculture 12,000 years ago Provided a more steady food source than hunting and gathering Agricultural societies experienced rapid population growth This also allowed for permanent settlements Cities The first cities appeared 6,000 years ago They dominated most affairs in their region River Valley Civilization Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley and China Large-scale societies Dependent on farming More food than people Fostered cities Civilizations arose from 3500 to 500 BCE Government systems were created as were social traditions

Chapter 1- Prehistory

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For thousands of years humans lived in small communities without a home Societies had a few dozen people They traveled nomadically for food Humans can build tools which sets them apart from other animals Agriculture Humans began experimenting with agriculture 12,000 years ago Provided a more steady food source than hunting and gathering Agricultural societies experienced rapid population growth This also allowed for permanent settlements Cities The first cities appeared 6,000 years ago They dominated most affairs in their region River Valley Civilization Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley and China Large-scale societies Dependent on farming More food than people Fostered cities Civilizations arose from 3500 to 500 BCE Government systems were created as were social traditions

Key Issues

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Chapter 1 Key Issues ? This is Geography The Goal: The goal of Key Issues is to build understanding of the text, generate a study guide for later use, and increase retention or memory of what we learn in class and what you read at home. This will make your time spent working on AP Human Geo more efficient and effective. This assignment is designed using research- based best practice for reaching the goal. AP Human Geography Enduring Understandings for This Unit

Ways of the World Notes Chapter 1

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Chapter 1: First Peoples ? Populating the Planet, to 10,000 B.C.E. hunting-gathering lifestyle: 95% of the time study of Paleolithic peoples: through their material remains achievements I. Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First Migrations Homo sapiens: 250,000 years ago, eastern and southern Africa culture: learned or invented ways of living began to inhabit new environments technological innovations 100,000?60,000 years ago: out of Africa A. Into Eurasia 1. Migrations: 45,000?20,000 years ago 2. New hunting tools into warmer regions altered hunting habits 3. Cave paintings animals, humans & hands, abstract designs in red, yellow, brown & black 4. Venus figurines with exaggerated breasts, buttocks, hips & stomachs

Ways of the World Notes Chapter 2

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Chapter 2: First Farmers ? The Revolutions of Agriculture, 10,000?3000 B.C.E. I. The Agricultural Revolution in World History began at around 12,000 years ago Agricultural Revolution: deliberate cultivation of particular plants as well as the taming and breeding of particular animals provided foundation for all that followed a new relationship between humankind, other organisms, and nature mutual dependence & ?intensification? II. Comparing Agricultural Beginnings A. Common Patterns 1. Separate, independent, and almost simultaneous between 12,000 and 4,000 years ago 2. Climate change coincided with the end of the last Ice Age and the migration of Homo sapiens across the planet various species hunted to extinction added pressure

Age of Enlightenment Notes

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Topic: Age of Enlightenment Questions and Key Points What is enlightenment? Enlightenment Ideas The Public Reading Europe v. America End of Age of E (France Class Notes ? Ideas and activities that emerged during the 18th century ? Believed that science and industry discoveries allowed for progress in humankind ? Many intellectuals during the time practiced Deism: spiritual faith ? Celebration of ideas ? Human mind ? Citz. viewed themselves on the same level as their leaders. ? Discussion and debate- encouraged ? Realization of the ?tools? needed to reach mankind?s full potential

The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies

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The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies End of the Ice Ages (ended 12,000 years ago) Milder conditions Warmer temperatures Tundra-> Grassland Grassland-> Forests Population 2mil-50mil by 5000BCE 50mil-100mil by 1000BCE Population growth because how they fed themselves New skills= pastoralism & agriculture manipulate environment Neolithic Revolution Took place over many centuries At different times in different places Changes were immense Pastoralism and Herding Societies Domestication of animals Began during Stone Age Order- 1st was the dog Provided Companionship Security Help in hunting Next- Goats, Sheep, Pigs Then- Horses, Water buffalo, Oxen, Camels, Llamas=transportation & labor (only Americas) Animal droppings=fertilizer Wool & hides= clothing

Geography and the Peopling on Earth

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Geography & the Peopling on Earth Geographic Orientation Antarctica- No native pop. Australia Oldest surviving ethnic group- Aborigines Very isolated for most of its history 1,000?s of islands in Pacific (Oceania)= Part of Australia Africa Birthplace of humanity Northern 1/3= Sahara Desert Asia Largest Most populated Most diverse mix of Climates Languages Cultures Subregions= Middle East Central Asia South Asia (Indian Subcontinent) Southeast Asia East Asia (Core= China, Korea, Japan) Europe Small continent Large population Resource-rich Mild & temperate climate Physically joined to Asia (Eurasia) The Arctic Ocean Smallest ocean Ice most of the year Difficult to navigate Location of the Northwest passage sought by European explorers Passage is unusable due to ice-bound conditions

ap human geo ch 10 notes

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Seth Adler Where Did Agriculture Originate? Began before recorded history. Origins of Agriculture. Agriculture ? Modification of Earth?s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals for sustenance or economic gain. Originated when humans domesticated plants and animals. Crop ? Any plant cultivates by humans. Hunters and Gatherers. Lived in small groups (<50). Large groups would use up more resources. Men hunted and women gathered. Based on archaeology and anthropology, not stereotypes. Kept peace by steering clear of each other?s territory. Less than a quarter million (0.005%) still hunt and gather. Spinifex (Pila Nguru) Australia?s Great Victorian Desert Sentinelese India?s Andaman Islands Bushmen Botswana and Namibia Invention of Agriculture

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